南疆休作期棉田墒情调控及播种前适宜灌水阈值研究  

Study on Soil Moisture Control and Suitable Irrigation Threshold Before Planting in Cotton Field During off Cropping Period

作　　者：王晓艳 白云岗 柴仲平[1] 郑明 刘洪波 肖军 WANG Xiao-yan;BAI Yun-gang;CHAI Zhong-ping;ZHENG Ming;LIU Hong-bo;XIAO Jun(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Sciences,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第8期89-94,101,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“棉田高效节水技术及产品开发集成与应用”(2020A01002-1)。

摘　　要：针对南疆冬季休作期棉田无雪层覆盖及农用水资源匮乏现象,当地多选择冬春灌调控棉田的播前墒情,已有研究表明在休作期春灌滴灌对盐分的淋洗和墒情调控情况较好。对比研究冬灌漫灌、不同灌溉定额冬灌滴灌及冬灌滴灌+干播湿出3种调控措施灌水前后水盐的特征变化,探寻不同墒情调控措施对棉田播前土壤墒情的影响以及在播种前后找出适宜的灌水阈值,为后期实施干播技术提供墒情保障。对比其他调控措施,高定额冬灌滴灌的调控措施播前40~60cm土层墒情较为稳定且土壤水分分布更均匀;在用水量较少的状况下,播后测得冬灌滴灌+干播湿出措施中灌溉定额为(600+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)与灌溉定额为1200m^(3)/hm^(2)的冬灌滴灌措施的土壤含水率差异性不大且前者平均含水率要稍高;冬灌滴灌+干播湿出措施中灌溉定额为(1200+225)m^(3)/hm^(2)的土壤含水率对比冬灌漫灌措施更平稳均衡。冬灌调控后土壤平均含盐量明显减低,冬灌滴灌灌溉定额越高盐分淋洗越彻底。冬灌滴灌+干播湿出的调控措施与冬灌滴灌措施对比,0~40cm土层的平均含盐量差异显著,且各土层波动不大,对比其他措施淋洗和压制土壤盐分效果较好。综上冬灌滴灌+干播湿出调控措施在节水的基础上各土层平均含水率较高,其土壤盐分和水分环境更适宜棉花萌芽,进而影响到棉花的保苗以及后续生长。In response to the lack of snow cover in cotton fields during the winter fallow period in southern Xinjiang and the scarcity of agricultural water resources,local governments often choose winter and spring irrigation to regulate the soil moisture before sowing in cotton fields.In existing studies,spring irrigation and drip irrigation have shown good effects on salt leaching and soil moisture control during the fallow period.This experiment compared and studied the changes in water and salt characteristics before and after irrigation with three control measures,including winter irrigation flood irrigation,winter irrigation drip irrigation with different irrigation quotas,and winter irrigation drip irrigation with dry sowing and wetting.The study explored the impact of different soil moisture control measures on soil moisture before and after sowing in cotton fields and identified appropriate irrigation thresholds before and after sowing to provide moisture protection for the later implementation of dry sowing technology.Compared with other control measures,the control measures of high quota winter drip irrigation have a more stable soil moisture content in the 40~60 cm soil layer before sowing and a more uniform distribution of soil moisture.Under the condition of low water consumption,there is little difference in soil moisture content between the measure of winter irrigation drip irrigation with dry sowing wet discharge with irrigation quota of 600 with 225 m^(3)/hm^(2) and the measure of winter irrigation drip irrigation with irrigation quota of 1200 m^(3)/hm^(2),and the average moisture content of the former is slightly higher.The soil moisture content of the measure of winter drip irrigation with dry sowing and wet discharge with irrigation quota of 1200 with 225 m^(3)/hm^(2) is more balanced and stable compared to that of the measure of winter flood irrigation.After winter irrigation regulation,the average soil salt content significantly decreases,and the higher the winter drip irrigation quota,the more thor

关 键 词：墒情调控 冬灌 干播湿出 灌水阈值 棉花 休作期 灌溉措施 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]