棉秆与风积沙混掺隔层对土壤水分入渗及水盐迁移特性的影响  

Effects of Aeolian Sand-cotton Stalk Mixed Interlayer on Soil Water Infiltration and Water-Salt Migration

作　　者：王立成 朱珠[1] 孔芊芊 朱连勇[1] WANG Li-cheng;ZHU Zhu;KONG Qian-qian;ZHU Lian-yong(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,Xingjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第8期209-216,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：兵团重大攻关项目“南疆盐碱地改良节水洗盐技术”(2018AA003)。

摘　　要：探究土壤水分入渗和水盐迁移对棉杆掺沙隔层的响应特征。采用室内土柱模拟试验,研究了不同棉秆隔层掺沙比例(质量占比0、50%、75%、85%、90%、95%、100%,分别以T0、T50、T75、T85、T90、T95、T100表示)对土壤水分垂向入渗及水盐迁移的影响。结果表明:①棉杆掺沙隔层阻滞水分入渗,延长了入渗时间。T0入渗时间最长,T95次之,T50、T75、T85、T90和T100入渗时间较短,且差异不明显。②对隔层以上的累计入渗量时间特性与湿润锋推进规律无影响,对隔层以下影响显著,以T0阻渗效果最好,T95次之。③累计入渗量随时间的变化关系,CK可用Kostiakov模型描述。而棉杆掺沙隔层处理在隔层以上范围Kostiakov模型拟合情况较好,以下线性模型描述较好。④入渗结束后,上层盐分淡化、底部积盐,土壤上层含水率以T0最高,T95次之。入渗结束两天后,水分分布趋于均匀,土层中部的盐分出现了一定程度的下移,T0和T95下移幅度最大。综合湿润锋、累计入渗量等入渗特性指标与水盐运移与重分布规律,为防治土壤盐渍化与提高水分利用效率,建议在新疆旱区推广应用秸秆隔层与秸秆隔层混掺95%风积沙农艺措施。To explore the response characteristics of soil water infiltration and water-salt migration to the cotton straw-sand interlayer,this paper uses the indoor soil column experiment to study the effects of the cotton straw interlayer mixed with different ratios of sand on soil infiltration and water-salt migration.The mass ratios are 0,50%,75%,85%,90%,95%,and 100%,expressed in terms of T0,T50,T75,T85,T90,T95,and T100,respectively.The results are as follows.①Cotton straw-sand interlayer blocks the infiltration of water and prolonged the infiltration time,with T0 and T95 is listed as the top two.T50,T75,T85,T90 and T100 infiltration time is short,and the difference is not obvious.②The cotton straw-sand interlayer has no effect on the cumulative infiltration amount and the advancing law of the wetting front above the interlayer,but has a significant impact on the lower layer.The infiltration time of T0 is the longest,followed by T95.③With respect of correlation between the cumulative infiltration amount and time,the Kostiakov model is fitted well to CK.In terms of the cotton straw-sand interlayer treatments,the Kostiakov model is fitted well within the range of 30 cm above;the linear model is well described below 30 cm.④After infiltration,the upper layer is desalinated,and the salt in the bottom is accumulated.The water content in the upper layer of T0 and T95 is the highest.Two days after infiltration,the salinity in the middle part of the soil layer moves down to a certain extent,with the largest decline in T0 and T95.In order to prevent soil salinization and improve water use efficiency,it is recommended to promote the application of cotton straw interlayer and the cotton straw interlayer with 95 aeolian sand in arid regions of Xinjiang,which is based on the infiltration characteristics indicators such as wetting front and cumulative infiltration amount,as well as the law of water and salt migration and redistribution.

关 键 词：风积沙 棉秆 隔层 入渗 水盐迁移 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]