陈独秀语言变革理论的生成渊源考论  

On the Origin of Chen Duxiu's Theory of Language Reform

作　　者：王平[1] Wang Ping

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《励耘学刊》2023年第1期276-288,389,390,共15页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“清末民初的语言变革与现代文学雅俗观的生成”,项目编号:09CZW052。

摘　　要：主动背离科举之路,使陈独秀获得了超然审视文化传统的从容心态。1904年他在《安徽俗话报》发表的《恶俗篇》,所针对的仅是风俗之类的文化表象。及至完成了从“立国”向“立人”的转变,他把批判的锋芒指向了伦理。这即寓示着陈独秀终于洞察到文化传统的核心所在。伦理以语言为依托,是文化传统与每一生命个体的联结媒介。若要摆脱伦理的羁继,势必要对伦理的承载物一语言进行变革。伦理觉悟引致了语言觉醒,陈独秀从对一旧伦理的反思中进而发现了文言文和旧文学的一致性。在这一意义上,陈独秀领悟了语言变革的真正意义,“五四”文学革命之路亦由此开启。Taking the initiative to deviate from the path of the Imperial Examination enabled Chen Duxiu to obtain a calm state of mind to look beyond the Chinese cultural traditions."On Undesirable Customs"he published in Anhui Colloquial language Semimonthly in 1904 was only aimed at criticizing the cultural representations.When his ambition shifted from"establishing a country"to"establishing the people",Chen Duxiu poised his spearhead against the traditional ethics.This implied that he had gained insight into the essence of the Chinese cultural traditions.The ethics,based on Chinese language,was a medium connecting the Chinese cultural traditions with every individual.If the Chinese people wanted to get rid of the fetters of the ethics,it was necessary to reform the language,the carrier of the ethics.The ethical awareness led to the linguistic awakening,so that Chen Duxiu discovered the consistency between classical Chinese and old Chinese literature from his reflection on the traditional ethics.In this sense,Chen Duxiu realized the real value of the language reform,and opened the road of the May Fourth Literary Revolution.

关 键 词：陈独秀 科举制度 政治启蒙 伦理觉悟 语言变革 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]