基于轴辐式结构的农村物流多层级配送节点选址研究  

Study on Location of Multi-level Distribution Nodes in Rural Logistics Based on Hub-and-spoke Structure

作　　者：董娜[1] 赵良 沈严航 DONG Na;ZHAO Liang;SHEN Yan-hang(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2023年第6期218-224,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：河南省网络货运等新业态规范健康发展及支持政策研究项目(2022-1J64001)。

摘　　要：为了推动农村物流发展,缓解目前配送效率低、成本较高的问题,通过对农村物流节点进行合理布局,提高了农村物流配送效率,降低了农村物流成本。通过结合农村地区特点,分析了轴辐式布局的物流配送节点优势,提出了适合农村物流的多层级配送节点布局方案,针对配送途中走“回头路”、运力分配不善、节点布局不合理等问题提出了解决办法。在考虑农村物流特性以及轴辐式物流特点的基础上,构建了包含县-乡-村3级物流体系的轴辐式数学模型。针对模型运用麻雀搜索算法(SSA)求解,并对SSA进行改进,加入了萤火虫算法规则,利用“萤火虫”扰动“麻雀”以避免SSA经常陷入局部最优过早收敛的缺点,尽可能得到更精确的值,更科学地得到农村物流多层级配送节点。以陕西省宝鸡市扶风县2022年的物流需求,结合目前扶风县的超市POI点进行了实证分析,对运价敏感性及固定建设成本敏感性进行了分析,探究了选址布局的合理性以及选址影响因素。结果表明:改进后的SSA可用于求解本研究问题;农村的道路发展程度以及2级分拨中心的固定成本都会在一定程度上影响农村物流节点布局,其中固定建设成本的影响较大。研究结果可以为农村物流节点布局提供参考。In order to promote the development of rural logistics and alleviate the low delivery efficiency and high cost,the rural logistics distribution efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced via reasonable layout of rural logistics nodes.Combining the characteristics of rural areas,the advantage of logistics distribution nodes with hub-and-spoke layout is analyzed,a multi-level distribution node layout scheme suitable for rural logistics is proposed,and the solutions for“backtracking”,poor distribution of capacity and unreasonable node layout on the way to distribution are proposed.Based on considering the properties of rural logistics and the characteristics of hub-and-spoke logistics,the hub-and-spoke mathematical model with a 3-level logistics system containing county-town-village is established.The sparrow search algorithm(SSA)is used to solve the model and improved by adding the rules of the firefly algorithm,which is used to disturb the“sparrow”to avoid the disadvantages of often falling into the premature convergence of local optim,and the values are as accurate as possible to obtain the multi-level distribution nodes of rural logistics more scientifically.On the study background of the logistics demand of Fufeng County of Baoji City in Shaanxi Province in 2022,combining with the current supermarket POI points in Fufeng County,an empirical analysis is carried out,the sensitivities of freight rate and fixed construction cost are analyzed,and the rationality of location layout and its influencing factor are explored.The result shows that(1)the improved SSA can be used to solve the proposed problem;(2)the degree of road development in rural areas and the fixed cost of secondary distribution centers will influence the layout of rural logistics nodes to a certain extent,and the influence of fixed construction cost will be greater.The study result can provide a reference for the layout of rural logistics nodes.

关 键 词：物流工程 物流节点选址 麻雀搜索算法 农村物流 轴辐式结构 

分 类 号：U13[交通运输工程]