四川省2012—2021年新发职业性尘肺病发病特征分析  

Analyzing the distribution characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Sichuan Province,2012-2021

作　　者：蒋恩霏[1] 林黎[1] 商维维[1] 杜利利[1] JIANG Enfei;LIN Li;SHANG Weiwei;DU Lili(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2023年第2期205-208,216,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：四川省软科学研究计划项目(2021JDR0338)。

摘　　要：目的分析四川省职业性尘肺病发病特征。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集四川省2012—2021年新发职业性尘肺病病例,进行回顾性分析。结果四川省2012—2021年新发职业性尘肺病病例30136例,平均发病年龄为55.2岁,发病工龄中位数为12.1年,接尘工龄<5.0年的有6471例(占21.5%),新发职业性尘肺病和接尘工龄<5.0年的职业性尘肺病病例数量均呈下降趋势。其中,煤工尘肺和矽肺分别为16210、13577例(共占98.9%),期别以尘肺病壹期为主(占67.1%);地区分布以乐山市、巴中市、达州市、宜宾市、广元市和泸州市为主,共占68.8%;工种以采煤工和掘进工为主,分别占31.7%和18.8%;企业规模以小微型企业为主,占35.1%;行业分布以煤炭开采和洗选业为主,占53.4%。结论近年来四川省年新发职业性尘肺病例数和工龄<5.0年的尘肺病例数总体均呈下降趋势,发病工龄较短;防治重点地区主要为乐山市、巴中市和达州市等市,重点行业为煤炭开采和洗选业。Objective To analyze the distribution feature of occupational pneumoconiosis in Sichuan Province.Methods The cases of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis from 2012 to 2021 in Sichuan Province were collected from the Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and were analyzed retrospectively.Results From 2012 to 2021,there were 30136 newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Sichuan Province.The average age of patients was 55.2 years and the median work age was 12.1 years.There were 6471 cases(accounting for 21.5%)exposed to dust for less than 5.0 years.The number of the cases declined in newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational pneumoconiosis with less than 5.0 years of dust exposure.The numbers of coal workers'pneumoconiosis and silicosis were 16210 and 13577,respectively(accounting for 98.9%of the total cases).The majority of pneumoconiosis cases were classified as stage I(accounting for 67.1%).The cases from Leshan City,Bazhong City,Dazhou City,Yibin City,Guangyuan City and Luzhou City accounted for 68.8%of the total cases.The main types of work were coal miner and excavation worker,which accounted for 31.7%and 18.8%,respectively.The scale of enterprises was mostly small and micro,accounting for 35.1%of the cases,and the industry distribution was mostly coal mining and washing,accounting for 53.4%of the cases.Conclusion In Sichuan Province,the number of cases shows an overall decline in both newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational pneumoconiosis with less than 5.0 years of dust exposure,with a relatively short duration of occupational exposure.The key cities for pneumoconiosis prevention and control are Leshan City,Bazhong City,and Dazhou City,while the key industry is coal mining and washing.

关 键 词：尘肺病 发病工龄 矽肺 煤工尘肺 流行特征 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]