晋南地区龙山至西周区域聚落形态及相关问题研究  

A Study on the Settlement Patterns and Related Issues from the Longshan to Western Zhou Region in Southern Shanxi

作　　者：田伟 Tian Wei

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆

出　　处：《南方文物》2023年第3期65-73,共9页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社科一般项目“晋南地区商代聚落考古研究”(21BKG023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：龙山时代,晋南地区聚落数量多、内涵丰富,整体发展高度超过同时期中原其他区域,颇具天下之中的气派。到二里头文化时期,晋南地区聚落数量锐减,已不见Ⅰ、Ⅱ类聚落,多个Ⅲ类聚落均是在河洛地区统治者的意愿下设置的中心聚落。商前期的聚落布局与二里头文化时期相近,但也有所区别,具体表现为对资源的掌控力度空前增强。这一时期的Ⅲ类聚落大部分靠近资源产地,且分工十分明确,是王朝行政力量的产物。商代后期,王朝在晋南的势力衰落,退缩至晋南盆地东部边缘地带,依托地势,与西部诸势力形成对峙。上述聚落布局的明显变化,说明中央王朝可以根据自身利益需要,调整区域聚落布局形态。这种统治方式更加接近后世的国家。周克商后,在较短时间内保持着与商晚期接近的聚落形态。周公东征后,改变统治策略。周系势力向晋南核心地带开疆拓土,区域聚落形态发生了较大变化,诸侯国及其附庸势力的聚落出现在晋南大地。During the Longshan period,the Southern Shanxi had a large number of settlements with rich connotations and targeted layout,with a development height higher than other regions in the Central Plains during the same period,and possessed a central style in the ancient China.Until the Erlitou Culture period,the number of settlements in Southern Shanxi sharply decreased,and there were no Class I or II settlements.Multiple Class III settlements were set up as central settlements under the will of the rulers of the Heluo region.The layout of settlements in the early Shang Dynasty was similar to the purpose of the Erlitou Culture period,but there were also differences,specifically manifested in an unprecedented increase in control over resources.During this period,most of the Class III settlements were located near resource producing areas and had a clear division of labor,which was a result of the administrative power of the dynasty.In the late Shang Dynasty,the power of the dynasty declined in southern Shanxi and retreated to the eastern edge of the Jinnan Basin,relying on the terrain to form a confrontation with various forces in the west.The sudden changes in the layout of the above-mentioned settlements indicate that the central dynasty can adjust the layout of regional settlements according to its own interests.This way of governance is closer to modern countries.After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty,the settlements in the southern Shanxi region maintain a similar form to the late Shang period.After Duke Zhou’s Eastern Expedition,The Zhou system forces are expanding their territory into the core area of southern Shanxi,resulting in significant changes in the form of regional settlements.The settlements of the vassal states and their vassal forces appeared in southern Shanxi.

关 键 词：晋南地区 龙山时代 二里头 商代 西周 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K22[历史地理—历史学]