不同宽窄行木薯‖大豆对间作体系产量和品质的影响  

Effect of DifferenttWide-narrow Rows of Cassava-Soybean Intercropping System on Yield and Quality

作　　者：宁德娇 郭小红 汤复跃 陈文杰 梁江 谢丽萍 陈渊 韦清源 NING Dejiao;GUO Xiaohong;TANG Fuyue;CHEN Wenjie;LIANG Jiang;XIE Liping;CHEN Yuan;WEI Qingyuan(Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Cash Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品质量安全与检测技术研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《大豆科学》2023年第4期424-431,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-CES30);广西自然科学基金项目(2019GXNSFBA185007);广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科2021YT055);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2019M24);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2022JM08)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同宽窄行木薯‖大豆对间作体系产量和品质的影响,采用随机区组设计,木薯设置4个宽行(1.6,1.8,2.0和2.2 m)和3个窄行(0.5,0.6和0.7 m)处理,在宽行内统一种植4行大豆,以清种木薯、清种大豆为对照,分析了木薯‖大豆不同宽窄行配置下大豆的主要农艺性状及间作体系的产量。结果表明:在保持作物种植密度不变的情况下,木薯(1.2万株·hm^(-2))、大豆(22.5万株·hm^(-2))间作模式下的产量均极显著低于清种。随着木薯宽、窄行距的增加,大豆的株高和倒伏指数随之升高;茎粗、分枝数、产量和产量构成因素均呈下降的趋势;蛋白质含量降低,脂肪含量上升,其中宽行为1.6和1.8 m时,边行大豆的蛋白质含量低于中行、而脂肪含量高于中行;当宽行为2.0和2.2 m时,边行大豆蛋白质含量高于中行、而脂肪含量低于中行。木薯的单株薯数和鲜薯产量随其宽、窄行距的增加呈先增后减的趋势,宽行2.0 m、窄行0.6 m时的鲜薯产量达最高,为39.03 t·hm^(-2)。综上所述,在木薯宽窄行种植条件下,其宽行2.0 m、窄行0.6 m时,在宽行内间作4行大豆,为宽窄行木薯‖大豆的最佳田间配置。此研究结果可为广西发展木薯间作大豆机械化种植的群体构成提供理论依据。In order to explore the effects of different wide-narrow rows of cassava-soybean intercropping system on the yield and quality.Cassava was planted with four wide(1.6,1.8,2.0 and 2.2 m)and three narrow rows(0.5,0.6 and 0.7 m)treatments,and net cassava and soybean as the control with randomized block design.Four rows of soybeans were uniformly planted in the wide row of cassava.The main agronomic traits and yield of intercropping system were analyzed under different wide and narrow rows of cassava-soybean patterns.The result showed that the yield of cassava and soybean under the intercropping mode was significantly lower than that of monocropping when the density remained the same in different modes.The plant height and lodging score of soybean increased,stem diameter,branch number,yield and yield components showed a downward trend,and the protein content decreased and the fat content increased with the raise of cassava wide and narrow row spacing.When the spacing of wide row was 1.6 and 1.8 m,the protein content of side row soybean was lower than that of middle row,but the fat content was higher than that of middle row.When the spacing of wide row was 2.0 and 2.2 m,the protein content of side row soybean was higher than that of middle row,while the fat content was lower than that of middle row.The tubers per plant and yield of fresh tuber increased first and then down with the rise of wide and narrow row spacing.The highest fresh tuber yield was 39.03 t·ha-'when the spacing of wide row was 2.0 m and the narrow row was 0.6 m.In conclusion,when the wide row of cassava was 2.0 m and narrow row was 0.6 m,intercropping 4 rows of soybean in wide row was the best field distribution of wide-narrow-row cassava-soybean mode,and this result could provide a theoretical basis for the intercropping population under mechanized planting in Guangxi.

关 键 词：木薯 大豆 间作 宽窄行 产量 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学] S565.1