2022年大豆抗病性、产量和品质相关性状分子标记研究进展  

Research Progress of Molecular Markers Related to Soybean Disease Resistance,Yield and Quality Traits in 2022

作　　者：韩英鹏[1] 杨振红 HAN Yingpeng;YANG Zhenhong(Soybean Research Institute,Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Northeast Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology,Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学大豆研究所/大豆生物学教育部重点实验室/农业农村部东北大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2023年第4期481-487,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发项目(JD22A015);财政部、农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-04-PS04);黑龙江省重点基金项目(ZD2022C002);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971967)。

摘　　要：分子标记的应用对解析作物性状的分子遗传基础至关重要。当下,单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)是研究作物性状相关位点的重要分子标记,可通过连锁分析和关联分析应用于大豆育种工作。相较传统杂交选育手段,分子标记辅助育种(Marker-Assisted Selection,MAS)以杂交育种为基础,凭借分子标记与目标性状基因紧密连锁的特点,通过检测分子标记即可高效快速检测目的基因的筛选策略,成为备受关注的育种方式。随着大豆各组学学科的兴起,基因组学研究与其他组学之间的联合分析使分子标记的应用范围得到进一步延伸,成为大豆现代育种工作中的关键部分,使所筛选的遗传位点被有效利用。此外,随着生物技术的不断更新,以往被忽略的microRNA(non-coding single stranded RNA,miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)重新进入育种家的视野,使其与分子标记相关联的目的性状基因组区域能够被更好识别。为了详细梳理分子标记在大豆育种中的应用范围,本综述汇总2022年大豆多种抗病性、产量和品质相关性状分子标记的研究进展,旨在为大豆分子标记辅助育种工作提供参考。The application of molecular markers is crucial for the analysis of molecular genetic basis of crop traits.Currently,Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP)is an important molecular marker in the study of crop trait related sites,which is applied in soybean breeding through linkage analysis and association analysis.Compared with traditional cross-breeding breeding methods,Marker-Assisted Selection(MAS)is based on cross-breeding and is closely linked with target trait genes.The screening strategy of efficient and rapid detection of target genes by detecting molecular markers has become a popular breeding method.With the rise of soybean group science,the joint analysis between genomic research and other omics has further extended the application range of molecular markers,and become a key part of modern soybean breeding,so that the selected genetic loci can be effectively used.In addition,with the continuous update of biotechnology,microRNA(non-coding single stranded RNA,miRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),which were neglected in the past,have re-entered the field of vision of breeders.The genomic regions of target traits associated with molecular markers can be better identified.In order to sort out the application scope of molecular markers in soybean breeding in detail,this review summarizes the research progress of molecular markers related to disease resistance,yield and quality of soybean in 2022,hoping to provide reference information for soybean researchers in soybean molecular marker assisted breeding.

关 键 词：大豆 分子标记 MAS 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]