东南亚大豆种质资源的鉴定评价及生育期划分  

Identification and Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm Resources from Southeast Asia

作　　者：谭玉荣 唐娟[1] 胡昌 赖振光 杨守臻[1] 孙祖东[1] 曾维英[1] TAN Yurong;TANG Juan;HU Chang;LAI Zhenguang;YANG Shouzhen;SUN Zudong;ZENG Weiying(Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/MOA Southwest Experimental Station of Maize-Soybean Intercrop,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Guixian Seed Industry Co.Ltd,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [2]广西桂先种业有限公司,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《大豆科学》2023年第4期506-512,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：广西科技计划项目(桂科AD20159096);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2021YT054,桂农科2022JM35)。

摘　　要：为了丰富我国的大豆基础材料,引进东南亚国家大豆种质资源32份,在广西南宁夏季播种的生态条件下,对这些种质资源的主要农艺性状及品质性状进行鉴定评价,筛选出优异种质资源。结果表明:东南亚大豆种质资源的7个主要质量性状Simpson多样性指数范围为0.117~0.683,脐色、结荚习性、茸毛色、花色等性状的遗传多样性高,而种皮色、叶形和落叶性的遗传多样性较低;10个主要数量性状变异数范围为5.24%~43.98%,其中有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒重的变异系数大于30%;10个数量性状主成分分析的结果表明,前3个主成分的累计贡献率达80.166%,第1主成分、第2主成分和第3主成分分别为产量构成因子、品质构成因子和株型构成因子;生育期组覆盖MG II~MG X,87.5%为晚熟品种;同时,筛选出5份综合性状优异的种质资源Bilomi No.3(菲律宾)、Yezin-15(缅甸)、Sri Samrong(泰国)、Sumbing No.452(泰国)及A-66甲(泰国)。本研究为种质资源创新利用和培育适合低纬度地区种植大豆新品种提供材料基础。东南亚大豆种质资源的鉴定评价为培育出适合我国南方及东南亚国家种植的大豆新品种提供材料基础。To enrich the basic soybean germplasm of China,in this study,32 Southeast Asian soybean germplasms were sown in Nanning in summer,and their main agronomic and quality traits were identified.The results showed that the Simpson diversity index of 7 major quality traits of 32 Southeast Asian soybean germplasms ranged from 0.117 to 0.683.Genetic diversity was high among hilum color,podding habit,pubescence color and flower color but very low among seed coat color,leaf shape and deciduous.The variant number of 10 main quantitative traits ranged from 5.24%to 43.98%,and the coefficients of variation for effective branch number,pod number per plant and grain weight per plant were greater than 30%.Principal component analysis(PCA)of 10 quantitative traits showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the three principal components(yield components,quality components and plant type components)was 80.166%.The 32 Southeast Asian soybean germplasms were divided into 9 groups(MG II-MG X)based on their growth periods,with the majority being late maturing cultivars.Furthermore,5 soybean germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits were screened,including Bilomi No.3(Philippines),Yezin-15(Burma),Sri Samrong(Thailand),Summing No.452(Thailand)and A-66A(Thailand).This study provides materials support for soybean planting in southern China and Southeast Asian countries,and contributes to the soybean introduction.

关 键 词：大豆 种质资源 引进 鉴定评价 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]