三峡库区短颌鲚重金属累积特征及来源解析  

Accumulation and sources assessment of heavy metals of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

作　　者：陈倩 谢青 李游镒 吕红健 李佳佳[1] 王永敏[1] 王定勇[1] CHEN Qian;XIE Qing;LI You-yi;LU Hong-jian;LI Jia-jia;WANG Yong-min;WANG Ding-yong(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Resources and Safety,Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering,Chongqing 402260,China;Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment,Conservation and Research Center for Aquatic Biodiversity in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆工程职业技术学院资源与安全学院,重庆402260 [3]西南大学水产学院,农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心,渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第8期4360-4369,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107413);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(XDJK2017B035)。

摘　　要：以三峡库区四条一级支流(梅溪河、草堂河、大宁河和澎溪河)中短颌鲚为研究对象,在调查鱼体肌肉Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ag、Cd和Pb10种重金属污染水平的基础上,探讨了其重金属累积特征,辨析了重金属来源,并进一步评估了其健康风险.研究结果表明,三峡库区短颌鲚Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd和Pb的平均含量均低于相应的标准限值2.00、50.00、50.00、1.00、1.00、0.10、0.50mg/kg,但与库区营养级相近的其他肉食性鱼类相比,短颌鲚表现出较强的重金属累积能力.另外,不同流域间短颌鲚体内部分重金属表现出显著的空间差异.同时,短颌鲚体内重金属的累积受到自身生长状况的影响,并且这种影响与重金属种类有关.主成分分析结果表明短颌鲚体内重金属的主要来源有化石燃料燃烧､金属冶炼和工业污水排放,同时梅溪河中短颌鲚受Zn、Cu和As影响较大,而草堂河中短颌鲚受Cr和Ni的影响较大.健康风险评估结果显示,单一(THQ)和复合重金属风险系数(TTHQ)均小于1,表明目前食用三峡库区短颌鲚不会威胁人体健康,但其中As对TTHQ的贡献率高达77%.本文研究结果可为长江食物网中重金属的研究提供基础数据.This study investigated the accumulation characteristics of 10heavy metals(Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Ag,Cd,and Pb)in the muscle of Coilia nasus collected from four primary tributaries(Meixi River,Caotang River,Daning River,and Pengxi River)in the Three Gorges Reservoir,and identified the sources of heavy metals and assessed the associated health risks.The average concentrations of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,and Pb in the muscle tissue of C.nasus specimens from the Three Gorges Reservoir area were found to be below the corresponding standard limits of 2.00,50.00,50.00,1.00,1.00,0.10,and 0.50mg/kg.However,compared to other carnivorous fish at similar trophic levels within the reservoir,C.nasus exhibited a notable capacity for accumulating heavy metals.Significant spatial differences were observed in the levels of certain heavy metals in fish from different tributaries.Furthermore,the accumulation of heavy metals was found to be influenced by growth conditions,with varying effects depending on the specific heavy metal.Principal component analysis revealed that combustion of fossil fuels,metal smelting,and industrial wastewater discharge were the major sources of heavy metals in the C.nasus.Specifically,fish specimens from the Meixi River were primarily affected by Zn,Cu,and As,whereas those from the Caotang River were predominantly influenced by Cr and Ni.Health risk assessment results indicate that the single(THQ)and compound(TTHQ)heavy metal risk coefficients were less than 1,suggesting that current consumption of C.nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir is unlikely to pose a risk to human health.However,it is noteworthy that As accounted for 77% of the TTHQ,thereby indicating a relatively high contribution to the overall health risk.Overall,this study provides fundamental data for understanding the presence of heavy metals within the food web of the Yangtze River and their potential implications.

关 键 词：三峡库区 重金属 短颌鲚 累积效应 来源 健康风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]