Feasibility of electric two and three-wheelers in Africa  

作　　者：Godwin Kafui Ayetor Innocent Mbonigaba Joseph Mashele 

机构地区：[1]Department of Mechanical Engineering,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST),Kumasi,Ghana [2]The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre,KNUST,Kumasi,Ghana [3]Department of Mechanical Engineering,Rwanda Polytechnic/Integrated Polytechnic Regional College,Kigali,Rwanda [4]University of South Africa,South Africa [5]National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications,South Africa

出　　处：《Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation》2023年第4期13-27,共15页新能源与智能载运（英文）

摘　　要：Due to the less stringent emission technology requirement,motorized two and three-wheelers(2&3W)generate more pollutants than cars.About 20%of the world's registered motorcycles are known to be in Africa.Vehicle pollution is one of the major causes of death and health problems in Africa.The electrification of transportation provides an opportunity for E2&3W in Africa.To assess this transition,this study quantifies the number of E2&3W present in some African countries.Surveys of electric vehicle start-ups,drivers,and owner experiences are used to determine the E2&3W's technical feasibility and ability to compete with petrol scooters(p-scooters).SimaPro 9.4 software together with Ecoinvent 3.8 database was used to conduct a cradle-to-the-grave analysis of the environmental impact of using electric scooters(e-scooters).The research found that Africa's E2&3W's have a 0.2%market share compared to gasoline versions.The main disadvantage of e-scooters is their limited range and battery life.The average range and speed are 50 km and 50 km/h,respectively.Overloading of E2&3W caused damage to traction motors and was of major concern to distributors.The main advantages of E2&3W are their low operating costs and low environmental impact.In South Africa,the total environmental impact of e-scooters outweighed that of p-scooters.Emissions that have a direct impact on human health,were significantly lower for e-scooters than for p-scooters.The lack of battery performance standards,battery swapping station standards,and charging station standards negatively affects the quality of imported e-scooters.African countries need to implement electric vehicle standards,and battery recycling policies,and establish electric vehicle training and research centers.

关 键 词：E-mobility Electric vehicle AFRICA Electric two wheelers Electric three wheelers 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]