青铜器粉状锈空气传播过程新探  

New insight into the process of diffusion of powdery rust of bronze ware into the air

作　　者：龚钰轩 杨旭鹏 周光昭 黄永冲 杜文跃 GONG Yuxuan;YANG Xupeng;ZHOU Guangzhao;HUANG Yongchong;DU Wenyue(Institute of History of Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Institute of Marxism),Zhenjiang 212100,China;Research Center of Cultural Relics Conservation,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学科学技术史研究所(马克思主义学院),江苏镇江212100 [2]中国科学技术大学文物保护科学基础研究中心,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第4期42-51,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522000)资助。

摘　　要：为研究青铜器粉状锈传播过程,本研究设计了专用实验箱并采用电化学方法模拟了青铜的腐蚀过程,并对青铜粉状锈的生长情况予以实时记录,进而应用电感耦合等离子体质谱、拉曼光谱和新亚铜灵-吸光度等方法对箱内气溶胶颗粒物进行检测。研究结果表明,箱内气溶胶铜离子含量明显高于常值,结合观察实验表明粉状锈生长是一个由内而外不断膨胀直到锈层破裂的过程,这个过程产生的气溶胶细颗粒物(氯化亚铜和碱式氯化铜)会在空气中悬浮、沉降造成传染现象。这一开创性的实验极大地丰富了国内对青铜粉状锈传播过程研究的成果,为粉状锈利用空气动力传播提供了依据,并为青铜锈蚀机理研究提供了新的思路。基于实验结果,本研究同时对青铜器保存和展示环境提出了相应的建议。Powdery rust of bronze ware—a“bronze disease”—is harmful.Since it seriously corrodes the matrix of bronze and is difficult to cure,and its malignant expansion can make an intact bronze completely crisp in a short time,it is also called a“bronze cancer”.With more than a century of in-depth research on the powdery rust of bronze,achievements from the composition of products of the specific process of reaction have been progressively promoted.However,the reported studies are mainly focused on the mechanism of corrosion and reaction,conditions of corrosion occurrence,detection methods for corrosion products and corrosion prevention and treatment for bronze ware.Transmission of powdery rust has rarely been discussed.To study the process of diffusion of powdery rust of bronze,an inspection box was designed and bronze samples with powdery rust were prepared by a simulation experiment,and the growth of powdery rust was recorded in real time.Then the aerosol particles in the box were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,Raman spectrometry and neocuproine-absorbance.The results show that basic cuprous chloride was the main component of bronze powdery rust and the final product of the reaction of powdery rust formation.Cuprous chloride was the intermediate product of the reaction and was converted to basic cuprous chloride in the presence of oxygen and moisture.The aerosol copper ion content in the inspection box was significantly higher than the normal value.Combined with this observation,it is shown that the powdery rust growth occurred from the inside to the outside,and that the internal reaction would make the reaction product expand,and that growth and expansion would continue outwards until cracking.The products of powdery rust were mainly composed of a mixture of cuprous chloride and basic cuprous chloride,which were fine granular,mostly loose matters.Under the splitting and breaking force,rust powder turned into a completely irregular suspended substance with the air flow and fell i

关 键 词：青铜 粉状锈 传播 气溶胶颗粒物 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]