棉类纺织品文物霉变菌株的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of mildew strains of cotton textile relics

作　　者：曾祥鹤 ZENG Xianghe(School of Art and Design,Kaifeng University,Kaifeng 475000,China)

机构地区：[1]开封大学艺术设计学院,河南开封475000

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第4期123-128,共6页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：2022年度开封市哲学社会科学规划调研课题(ZXSKGH-2022-0340)资助。

摘　　要：纺织品文物霉变研究在纺织品文物保护、修复、贮藏中占重要地位。为了确定馆藏棉类纺织品文物霉变微生物的种类,了解棉织物纺织品文物真菌病害特点,本研究采用PDA培养基对棉类纺织品文物上霉变部位提取微生物进行分离纯化,对纯化后的霉菌进行18S rDNA-ITS序列分析,通过比较NCBI核酸序列数据库序列同源性构建发育树。最终分离纯化共得到6株霉菌,测序结果鉴定为青霉属、交链孢霉属、曲霉属、镰刀属,该四种霉属可能是棉类纺织类文物的致霉优势霉属。利用形态学方法结合分子生物学手段对棉类纺织品文物霉变微生物进行分离鉴定,确保获取结果更加快速和精准,结合当前博物馆对纺织品文物的保护现状,提出棉类纺织品文物综合保护措施,为此类文物的防霉工作以及抗霉材料的开发提供理论依据。The study of the mildewing of textile relics plays an important role in their conservation,restoration and storage.In order to identify the microorganisms causing mildewing of textile relics in the collection and investigate the fungal disease characteristics of cotton textile relics,the potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium was used to isolate and purify the microorganisms extracted from the mildewed parts of cotton textile relics.The purified molds were analyzed by 18S rDNA-internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequence.The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)sequence database was used to compare sequence homology and construct a developmental tree.Finally,a total of six strains of mold were isolated,purified and identified by sequencing as Penicillium,Alternaria,Aspergillus,and Fusarium.In this study,morphological methods combined with molecular biological measures were used to isolate and identify the microorganisms causing mildewing of cotton textile relics,making the results more rapid and accurate.In combination with the current conservation status of textile relics in museums,the conclusion of comprehensive conservation measures for cotton textile relics was put forward,which could provide a theoretical basis for the mildewing prevention work of such cultural relics and the development of mildewing-resistant materials.

关 键 词：纺织品文物 菌种分离 菌种鉴定 18S rDNA-ITS序列 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]