不同氮肥用量和叶面微肥类型施用对小香葱产量和经济性状的影响  

Effects of Different Application of Nitrogenous Fertilizer,Foliar Microelement Fertilizer on Yield and Economic Characters in Allium schoenoprasum

作　　者：廖凯 段永华 张钟 李晓亮 邓成忠 张玉荣 左丽娟 杨进成 LIAO Kai;DUAN Yong-hua;ZHANG Zhong(Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第15期143-146,180,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：玉溪市冬季农业开发科技示范计划“蔬菜高效栽培技术研究与示范”(YXSDNKF-02)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究小香葱生产中最适宜的氮肥施用量、叶面喷施微肥类型,为生产上应用提供理论依据。[方法]采用2因素随机区组3重复设计,设A、B2个因素,其中A因素为纯氮施用量,B因素为喷施不同叶面微肥。A_(1)纯氮施用量为180 kg/hm^(2),A_(2)纯氮施用量为315 kg/hm^(2),A_(3)纯氮施用量为450 kg/hm^(2)。B_(1)为高氮型叶面微肥(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50%、N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O比例为30∶10∶10、微量元素Fe+Mn+Zn 0.2%~3.0%),B_(2)为高钾型叶面微肥(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50%、N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O比例为15∶5∶30、微量元素Fe+Mn+Zn 0.2%~3.0%),B_(3)为氨基酸型叶面微肥(氨基酸≥100 g/L、K_(2)O≥40 g/L、微量元素Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B≥20 g/L),B_(4)为不喷施叶面微肥(喷清水)。[结果]从单因素来看,当氮肥施用量为315 kg/hm^(2)时的小香葱产量最高(35023 kg/hm^(2)),当喷施高钾型叶面微肥时,小香葱产量最高(34640 kg/hm^(2))。从两因素交互影响来看,氮肥施用量为315 kg/hm^(2)并喷施高钾型叶面微肥,小香葱的产量最高(36183 kg/hm^(2)),经济性状最为理想。就产量构成因素来看,从相关和通径分析可以看出,株高、单丛鲜重、假茎径粗是决定产量差异的主要因素,而单丛鲜重直接作用最大,株高间接作用最大。[结论]在生产上可施用氮肥315 kg/hm^(2)并喷施高钾型叶面微肥的示范比较。[Objective]To study the optimum application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and types of foliar microelement fertilizer.[Method]Randomized block design was conducted on this study.The pure nitrogen was used as a factor,which included 3 levels of 180,315 and 450 kg/hm^(2).The another factor was foliar microelement fertilizer,which had 4 types of N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50% and N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=30∶10∶10 and micro-element(Fe+Mn+Zn:0.2%-3.0%),N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50% and N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶5∶30 and micro-element(Fe+Mn+Zn 0.2%-3.0%),amino acid≥100 g/L and K_(2)O≥40 g/L and micro-element(Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B≥20 g/L),and no foliar microelement fertilizer.[Result]By the anglicizing single factor,it was suggested that when nitrogenous fertilizer was 315 kg/hm^(2),the yield of Allium schoenoprasum was the highest,with 35023 kg/hm^(2).When application high potassium foliar microelement fertilizer was N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50% and N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶5∶30 and micro-element(Fe+Mn+Zn:0.2%-3.0%),the yield of Allium schoenoprasum was the highest,with 34640 kg/hm^(2).From the view of interaction of two factors,when application nitrogenous fertilizer was 315 kg/hm^(2) and high potassium foliar microelement fertilizer was N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O≥50% and N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶5∶30 and micro-element(Fe+Mn+Zn 0.2%-3.0%),there was the highest yield of Allium schoenoprasum,with 36183 kg/hm^(2),and economic characters were the best.Yield components mainly were made up of plant height,fresh weight of single cluster and pseudo-stem diameter,moreover the maximum direct effect was occurred in fresh weight of single cluster,the maximum indirect effect was occurred in plant height.[Conclusion]It will be necessary to demonstrate experiment of application of 315 kg/hm^(2) nitrogenous fertilizer and high potassium foliar microelement fertilizer.

关 键 词：小香葱 氮肥 叶面微肥 产量 经济性状 

分 类 号：S633[农业科学—蔬菜学]