中原北方地区宋金墓葬中仿木构门窗的形制流变及设计意匠  

Forms and Designs of Wood-mimicry Doors and Windows of Song and Jin Tombs in Northern China

作　　者：俞莉娜 YU Lina

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《新建筑》2023年第4期32-38,共7页New Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52208001);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA199)。

摘　　要：以宋金墓葬中的仿木构门窗为主要研究对象,通过形制分类(即排比分期),将仿木构门窗的发展过程分为3期,主要表现为一门二窗的组合模式向格子门转变,整体呈现出从简练到复杂的演变路径;进而将墓葬仿木构门窗与《营造法式》《梓人遗制》两部古代文献进行对照研究,认为仿木构门窗的发展过程大致与地面木构建筑的演变过程相符,可对文献记载起到印证作用;同时,尝试探讨了几种地区性典型门窗布局的空间含义。门窗因其通过属性和对建筑立面的示意作用,在墓葬中起到映射家居场景、提供魂魄出入口的作用,门窗的屏障属性也使得其在部分地区墓葬中起到烘托祭祀氛围的作用,是墓葬供养空间塑造中重要的元素之一。This paper studies the wood-mimicry doors and windows in Song and Jin tombs,and divides the development into three stages by classifying the forms and styles,mainly showing the transformation of the“one door and two windows”mode to the“lattice doors”mode,showing an evolutionary path from simplicity to complexity.The paper then compares the wood-mimicry doors and windows with Yingzao fashi and Ziren yizhi,and concludes that the development process of the wood-mimicry doors and windows is roughly in line with the evolution of doors and windows on the ground,which can serve as a corroboration of the documentary records.Furthermore,this paper tries to explore the spatial implications of several typical doors and windows modes in the Song and Jin tombs.The doors and windows in tombs show the façade of buildings and provide entrances and exits for spirits,and also play the role of accentuating the sacrificial atmosphere,which is one of the important elements in shaping the space of sacrificing the death.

关 键 词：中原北方 宋金时期 仿木构墓葬 门窗 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论]