Late Oligocene fossil acorns and nuts of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis from the Nanning Basin,Guangxi,South China  

作　　者：Xiao-Yan Liu Han-Zhang Song Xin-Kai Wu Jia-Rong Hu Wei-Ye Huang Cheng Quan Jian-Hua Jin 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [2]School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China [3]State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,School of Ecology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [4]School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China

出　　处：《Plant Diversity》2023年第4期434-445,共12页植物多样性（英文版）

基　　金：This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872015,31770241,41820104002,and 41661134049);the grant of the Natural Environment Research Council of Research Councils UK(No.NE/P013805/1).

摘　　要：Quercus is the largest genus within the Fagaceae and has a rich fossil record.Most of the fossil material is attributed to the subgenus Quercus based on leaves,pollen or rarely acorns and nuts.Fossil records of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis characterized by ring-cupped acorns are relatively few and especially those described based on nuts are scant.In this study,we described four new species of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis based on mummified acorns and nuts:Q.paleodisciformis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.paleohui X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.,Q.nanningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.and Q.yongningensis X.Y.Liu et J.H.Jin sp.nov.These species closely resemble the extant species Q.disciformis,Q.hui,Q.kerrii,and Q.dinghuensis.The occurrence of Q.section Cyclobalanopsis in the Oligocene stratum of Guangxi,South China,suggests that the section has diversified within its extant distribution center since the Oligocene.By combining records from other areas,we propose that the section first appeared in the middle Eocene of East Asia(Sino-Japan),has diversified in situ with a few elements scattering into West Asia and southern Europe since the Oligocene and Pliocene,respectively,and finally became restricted in East Asia since the Pleistocene.This indicates that the section originated and diversified in East Asia,before spreading into West Asia no later than the Oligocene and into southern Europe by the Pliocene.Subsequently it disappeared from South Europe and West Asia due to the appearance of the(summer dry)Mediterranean climate and widespread cooling during the Pleistocene.

关 键 词：Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis Fossil acorn and nut Oligocene GUANGXI South China 

分 类 号：Q914[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]