西江感潮河道(马口—磨刀门)的潮波传播特征研究  

Investigation into the tidal propagation features along the tidal reach of the West River(Makou—Modaomen)

作　　者：武家兴 王浩丞 张璐[1,2,3] 张卓 陈鹏[1,2,3] 李玉婷 WU Jiaxing;WANG Haocheng;ZHANG Lu;ZHANG Zhuo;CHEN Peng;LI Yuting(Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学,虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210023 [2]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [3]江苏省大规模复杂系统数值模拟重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2023年第4期47-62,共16页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：水利部水旱灾害防御重点实验室开放基金(KYFB202112010704);国家自然科学基金(42171465)。

摘　　要：基于2015—2017年梧州站逐日流量时间序列,应用一维、二维耦合数值模型,并考虑曼宁系数的洪枯季变化,模拟了西江感潮河道(马口—磨刀门)潮位的时空变化,研究了潮波从河口向河道上游传播过程中的潮波变形特征、潮位极值点的时空分布以及潮差的沿程衰减特征。结果表明,河道水位受径流影响有明显的洪枯季特征;日均水位呈现大小潮期间的半月周期变化,半月变化沿河道上溯逐渐增大,说明外海潮波以一种半月低频分潮的形式向河道上游传播;受径流影响,潮汐不对称特征越往上游越明显,涨潮历时和落潮历时的差异往上游递增。各个水文站的极值潮位受径流影响往上游呈递增趋势,且在外海潮汐的作用下多发生在大潮期间。河道内潮差从下游往上游呈递减趋势,季节差异显著,下游的灯笼山和三灶站有明显的半年周期特征。Based on the daily river discharge time series of Wuzhou station from 2015 to 2017,the spatial and temporal variations of tide levels along the tidal reach of the West River(Makou—Modaomen)were simulated by applying a one-two dimensional coupled numerical model,and considering the flood and dry season variation of Manning's coefficient.During the propagation of tidal waves from the estuary to the upstream of the river,the deformation characteristics of tidal waves,the spatial and temporal distribution of tidal extreme levels and the tide range attenuation characteristics of river were studied.The results show that the water level of the river is influenced by river discharge with obvious characteristics of flood and dry seasons;the daily average water level shows semimonthly cycle variation during spring and neap tide,and the semimonthly variation gradually increases along the upstream of the river,indicating that the ocean tidal waves propagate upstream of the river in the form of a semimonthly low-frequency tidal constituent;the tidal asymmetry is more and more obvious upstream due to the influence of river discharge,and the difference between the flood tide calendar time and ebb tide calendar time increases upstream.The extreme tide level at each hydrographic station tends to increase upstream due to the influence of river discharge,and occurs mostly during spring tide due to the action of the ocean tide.The tide range in the river channel tends to decrease from downstream to upstream,and the seasonal difference is significant,and the downstream stations of Denglongshan and Sanzao have obvious characteristics of semi-annual cycle.

关 键 词：潮波传播 径潮作用 极值潮位 潮差 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]