子午工程二期自动磁通门经纬仪  

Automatic fluxgate theodolite in the Phase II of Chinese Meridian Project

作　　者：王喜珍[1] 范晓勇[1] 张策 滕云田[1] 马新欣[1] 陈志青 Wang Xizhen;Fan Xiaoyong;Zhang Ce;Teng Yuntian;Ma Xinxin;Chen Zhiqing(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Adrministration,Beijing 100081,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Beijing 100023,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081 [2]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100023 [3]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评（中英文）》2024年第1期24-30,共7页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：国家重大科技基础设施项目(子午工程二期)。

摘　　要：地磁台站观测有相对记录和绝对观测2种,相对记录数据需经基线值改正后方可得到地磁场要素的实际值.磁通门经纬仪是获取基线值的基本设备之一,在地磁观测中发挥着重要作用.目前台站采用的磁通门经纬仪需人工操作,人为因素会对观测数据质量产生影响,因在偏远地区和环境恶劣地区无法实现地磁绝对观测,造成地磁绝对观测的空间覆盖空白.子午工程二期将在我国内地地区首次开展自动化磁偏角和磁倾角地磁绝对观测,必将推动地磁绝对观测技术创新与发展.自动磁通门经纬仪是我国自主研发的磁偏角和磁倾角自动化观测设备,采用无磁材料和压电电机,通过优化设计与改进加工工艺,以及引入多参量误差补偿算法,有效克服和消除了系统误差,提高了测量精度.该设备在河北涉县台、吉林合隆台、陕西乾陵台和北京白家疃台等台站开展了长时间的实际观测,并与台站的人工磁通门经纬仪观测结果进行了对比.结果表明,自动磁通门经纬仪的主要性能指标达到了人工磁通门经纬仪水平.该设备也通过了中国地震局前兆设备入网测试,功能和性能指标符合地磁台站地磁绝对观测要求.Absolute observation and relative record are two methods in geomagnetic station observation.The actual values of geomagnetic field elements can be obtained after the relative record data is corrected by baseline data.Fluxgate theodolite is one of the basic tools required to obtain baseline values and plays an important role in geomagnetic observations.At present,fluxgate theodolite used in stations requires manual operation,and human factors affect the observation data quality.Because absolute geomagnetic observation cannot be realized in remote areas or areas with harsh environments,some blank areas in the coverage of geomagnetic absolute observation ex-ist.The second phase of the Chinese Meridian Project will carry out automatic geomagnetic absolute observation of magnetic declination and inclination for the first time in China's mainland,which will promote the innovation and development of geomagnetic absolute observation technology.The automatic fluxgate theodolite is a self-de-veloped equipment from China for automatic observation of magnetic declination and inclination.It adopts non-magnetic materials and piezoelectric motors,effectively overcomes and eliminates the systematic errors by optimiz-ing the design,improves the machining process,and compensates for the multi-parameter error algorithm,so as to ensure measurement accuracy.The equipment has been applied to long-term practical observation in stations such as Shexian Station in Hebei Province,Helong Station in Jilin Province,Qianling Station in Shanxi Province and Baijiatuan Station in Beijing.Compared with the observation results of artificial fluxgate theodolite in these sta-tions,the results show that the main performance of the automatic fluxgate theodolite is the same as that of the arti-ficial fluxgate theodolite.The equipment has also passed a precursor equipment standard test from the China Earth-quake Administration,and its functions and performance meet the requirements of absolute geomagnetic observa-tion for geomagnetic stations.

关 键 词：子午工程 地磁监测 自动磁通门经纬仪 测量误差 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]