双碳视角下乡村地域系统碳效应研究进展  

Research progress of rural regional system carbon effect from the perspective of Dual Carbon

作　　者：张千禧 曹智[1] 王介勇[1] ZHANG Qianxi;CAO Zhi;WANG Jieyong(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第8期1256-1274,共19页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41931293,42271279,41801175)资助。

摘　　要：乡村是国土空间的重要组成部分,乡村减排增汇是实现双碳目标的关键举措。乡村碳效应包括碳排放效应和碳汇效应,因核算范畴、方法、指标等不同,各研究结果间差异较大,尚未达成一致结论。本文基于人地关系地域系统理论构建乡村碳循环体系,使用Meta分析方法综述乡村碳效应定量研究成果,以期为形成乡村空间碳效应的系统认知提供参考。结果表明:1)农业生产碳排放占乡村碳排放总量的20%,作物种植和禽畜养殖碳排放分别占农业碳排放的30%和70%。少施1 t氮肥可减排9.526 t CO_(2),相当于节约9555 kWh电,可用于生产27 t大米;减少1%的牛羊数量可减少4.48%的养殖业碳排放。2)乡村居民生活碳排放占乡村碳排放总量的80%,其碳减排潜力高于农业生产;燃煤占直接碳排放的80%,若将1%煤炭消费替换为生物质能,乡村生活将减排3624.8万t CO_(2),节电3636 kWh。3)1990—2022年间,我国乡村净碳汇呈增长态势,乡村年均净碳汇50025.8万t,相当于节约7.36亿t标准煤,123亿元固碳成本。建议增加新型长效肥料研发投资,推广种养一体化生态农业模式,加大低碳生活理念宣传力度,推进乡村数字化能源系统建设,以充分发挥乡村减排增汇潜力。As an important constituent of national land space,rural carbon emission reduction and sink increase are crucial for achieving the Dual Carbon goal.The rural carbon effect involves carbon emissions and sinks,and the estimation results vary widely between studies,with no consistent conclusions owing to different accounting scopes,methods,indicators,and other factors.First,this study constructed a rural carbon cycle system based on the human-earth system theory.Second,a meta-analysis was used to integrate previous quantitative studies on rural carbon effects and estimate the overall effect size.Finally,factors influencing the rural carbon effect were summarized and suggestions for rural governance were proposed.This study aims to provide a reference for a quantitative understanding of the carbon effect of the rural regional system.The results show that 1)carbon emissions from agricultural production account for approximately 20%of the total rural carbon emissions,while carbon emissions from agriculture account for 10.37%of the total average annual carbon emissions in China,with approximately 30%originating from crop cultivation and approximately 70%from livestock farming.Fertilizer application accounts for 58.23%of crop cultivation carbon emissions,whereas 67.40%of livestock farming carbon emissions originats from animal enteric fermentation.Applying 1 t less nitrogen fertilizer can reduce carbon emissions by 9.526 t CO_(2),which is equivalent to an electricity saving of 9555 kWh and can be used to produce 27 t of rice.Improving nitrogen use efficiency by 1%conserves 375000 t of raw coal,and reducing the number of cattle and sheep by 1%can reduce carbon emissions from livestock farming by 4.48%.2)Approximately 80%of rural carbon emissions originates from residential living,which has a higher carbon reduction potential than agricultural production.Nearly 65%of residential living carbon emissions are indirectly generated,with housing construction accounting for 45.32%.Coal burning contributes to approximately 80%of d

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 乡村地域系统 碳效应 碳排放 碳汇 碳减排 碳增汇 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]