基于主成分分析和聚类分析的大豆高产群体性状研究  

Study on High-yield Population Traits of Soybean Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

作　　者：孙影 叶录 王凤梧 廉培勇 郑成忠 梅雪 张子臻 王千军 徐振朋 王小明 黄文娟 SUN Ying;YE Lu;WANG Feng-wu;LIAN Pei-yong;ZHENG Cheng-zhong;MEI Xue;ZHANG Zi-zhen;WANG Qian-jun;XU Zhen-peng;WANG Xiao-ming;HUANG Wen-juan(Ulanqab Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Ulanqab 012000,China)

机构地区：[1]乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第6期24-29,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：乌兰察布市农林科学研究所青年项目(2022WNLQN01)。

摘　　要：综合分析了20份大豆品种的产量性状和农艺性状,得出了影响大豆产量形成的关键因子和高产大豆群体的性状特征,结果表明:大豆的单株无效荚数和有效分枝数的变异系数大,分别为0.83、0.77,说明这2个指标受环境的影响大,在遗传性状改良时可作为主要改良的目标性状;大豆产量与株高、主茎节数、底荚高度、单株有效荚数、单株总粒数呈显著正相关;主成分分析得出单株有效荚数、单株总粒数、株高、百粒重、主茎节数的载荷量较高,分别为0.774、0.766、0.705、0.863和0.661,可作为产量的主要影响因子;高产群体的农艺和产量性状表现为株高高、主茎节数多、底荚高度高、粒重大、单株总粒数和有效荚数多,说明在引进或者选育高产品种时,应首要考虑对这些指标进行科学、合理的选择。Through comprehensive analysis of the yield and agronomic traits of 20 soybean varieties,the key factors affecting soybean yield formation and the trait characteristics of high-yield soybean populations were summarized.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the ineffective pods per plant and the effective branches of soybean was large,which was 0.83 and 0.77 respectively,indicating that these two indicators were greatly affected by the environment,and could be used as the main improved traits in the improvement of genetic traits.The yield of soybean was significantly positively correlated with plant height,node number of main stem,height of bottom pod,effective pod number per plant and total grain number per plant.The principal component analysis showed that the load of effective pods per plant,total grains per plant,plant height and 100-grain weight were 0.774,0.766,0.705,0.863 and 0.661 respectively,which could be used as the main factors affecting the yield.The agronomic and yield traits of high-yield population are tall plant,more nodes of main stem,high bottom pod height,large grain weight,more total grains per plant and more effective pods,indicating that these indicators should be considered first when introducing or breeding high-yield varieties.

关 键 词：大豆 产量性状 农艺性状 高产群体 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]