钼矿区河流钼污染评价及来源探讨  

Evaluation of molybdenum pollution and source analysis in rivers flowing through molybdenum mining areas

作　　者：穆启超 蔡铁刚 MU Qichao;CAI Tiegang(No.1 Institute of Geological&Mineral Resources Survey of Henan,Luoyang Henan 471023;Henan Ecological Environment and Exploration Geochemistry Applied Engineering Technology Research Center,Luoyang Henan 471023;Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Analysis and Exploration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Luoyang Henan 471000)

机构地区：[1]河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质矿产调查院,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省生态环境与勘查地球化学应用工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471023 [3]自然资源部贵金属分析与勘查技术重点实验室,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2023年第8期1126-1131,1137,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：中央土壤污染防治专项资金资助项目(No.2110402)。

摘　　要：钼是《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)地表水源地特定项目限制项之一,伊河发源地拥有世界级大型钼矿区,流域水体中钼元素常年超标,而下游陆浑水库是洛阳市重要的饮用水水源地保护区,对钼污染的控制刻不容缓,由于兼具高钼地质环境背景与多年采矿选矿史两个重要因素,钼元素来源定量界定是当前面临的一个难题。以伊河作为研究对象,设置采样断面对钼污染的来源进行定性及定量分析,并据此提出修复建议。结果表明:(1)研究区内断面超标率为23.53%,其中陶湾北沟河、鱼库沟河、石宝沟河和北沟河区域是主要钼超标区域,热点分析也表明该超标区域有统计学意义上的高值聚焦效应,是钼元素主要贡献区域;(2)涉钼在产企业对流域中钼元素贡献占比最大,为35.17%,其次为地表裸露导致的淋溶作用加剧所产生的贡献,占31.78%,另外高钼地质环境背景与涉钼尾矿库也贡献了相当比例,分别为13.20%与19.85%。建议通过矿山修复、植被修复等方式对上游钼污染高值聚集区进行修复,恢复流域固有生态,以实现流域水体的稳定达标。Molybdenum is one of the specific items restricted in the surface water source area of“Environmental quality standards for surface water”(GB 3838-2002),and the source of the Yihe River has a world-class large-scale molybdenum mining area,resulting in perennial exceedance of molybdenum standards in the watershed.As the downstream Luhun Reservoir is an important drinking water source protection zone in Luoyang City,the control of molybdenum pollution is urgent.Due to the two important factors of high molybdenum geological background and years of mining and beneficiation history,the quantitative definition of the source of molybdenum is a current challenge.The article took Yihe River as the research object and analyzed the sources of molybdenum pollution qualitatively and quantitatively by setting up sampling sections,and proposed remediation suggestions accordingly.The results showed that:(1)the exceedance rate of sections in the study area was 23.53%,among which Taowan Beigou River,Yukougou River,Shibaogou River and Beigou River were the main molybdenum exceedance zones,and the hot spot analysis also showed that the main exceedance zone had statistically significant high value focus effect,which was the main molybdenum contribution zone.(2)The largest contribution of 35.17%was made by in-production enterprises to molybdenum in the watershed,followed by the contribution of leaching caused by surface exposure,which was 31.78%.In addition,the high molybdenum geo-environmental background and the molybdenum-related tailing ponds also contributed a considerable proportion,accounting for 13.20%and 19.85%,respectively.It was suggested to repair the upstream molybdenum pollution high-value aggregation area by means of mine restoration,vegetation restoration,etc.,to restore the inherent ecology of the watershed,so as to achieve stable compliance of watershed water bodies.

关 键 词：伊河 高钼地质环境背景 多年采矿史 钼污染 污染贡献 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]