灌水量对土壤酶活性和设施辣椒产量及养分利用的影响  

Effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity,yield and nutrient utilization of facilities pepper

作　　者：张泽锦[1,2] 王力明 梁颖 唐丽 刘琼[3] ZHANG Ze-jin;ANG Li-ming;LIANG Ying;TANG Li;LIU Qiong(Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables,Pengzhou,Sichuan 611934,China;Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Panzhihua,Sichuan 617061,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [2]四川省蔬菜工程技术研究中心,四川彭州611934 [3]攀枝花市农林科学研究院,四川攀枝花617061

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第6期1216-1221,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技重点研发项目(2021YFN0058);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川蔬菜创新团队[川农函(2019)427号];四川省“十四五”蔬菜育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0022)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨四川盆地设施生产灌水量对土壤酶活性、辣椒产量和品质的影响,提出适宜的灌溉量。[方法]以辣椒品种兴蔬皱辣3号为试验材料,在大棚内进行膜下滴灌试验,设置4个灌水量处理,土壤体积含水率分别控制在35%~40%(T1)、45%~50%(T2)55%~60%(T3)、65%~70%(T4),测定土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性及过氧化氢酶活性、辣椒产量、品质和植株N、P、K含量,分析各指标间的相互关系。[结果]土壤酶活性随着灌水量增加而增加,T4的土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化氢酶活性均最高,部分酶活性与T3无显著差异,与T1相比,分别增加48.80%、28.70%、45.60%、100.87%和102.58%。随着灌水量增加,辣椒产量也增加,T4较T1增加29.05%T3和T4的辣椒产量无显著差异。辣椒维生素C和辣椒素含量随着灌水量增加而逐渐降低,但灌水量增加提高了辣椒可溶性糖含量。灌水量增加提高了辣椒果实和地上部分养分(N,P和K)总累积量、N和K生理利用效率及偏肥生产力。T3除了P生理利用效率低于T4,其它养分利用参数与T4无显著差异,K生理利用效率甚至显著高于T4。[结论]当灌水量为4392~4733t/hm^(2)(T3和T4)时,辣椒土壤酶活性、产量及养分利用率均处在较高水平。本研究结果为四川盆地设施辣椒灌水量的选择提供了理论和实践参考。[Objective]The present paper aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity,yield,quality and nutrient utlization of pepper in Sichuan Basin,and propose an appropriate irigation amount.[Method]The pepper variety of Xingshuzhoula 3 was used as the experiment material.Four irrigation amount treatments were set,and the soil volumetric moisture content was controlled respectively at 35%-40%(T1),45%-50%(T2),55%-60%(T3),65%-70%(T4).Thesoil urease,neutral phosphatase,sucraseβ-Clucosidase activity and catalase activity such as yield,quality,and plant N,P,K content of peppers were deter-mined.The interrelationship between the indicators was analyzed.[Result]The soil enzyme activities increased with the increase of rrigation amount.The soil urease,neutral phosphatase,sucrase,β-glucosidase and catalase activities of T4 were the highest,and the activities of some enzymes were not significantly different from those of T3.Compared with T1,the increases were 48.80%,28.70%,45.60%,100.87%and 102.58%,respectively.With the increase of rrigation amount,pepper yield also increased,T4 increased by 29.05%com-pared with TI,and there was no significant diference in pepper yield between T3 and T4.The content of vitamin C and capsaicin in peppers decreased gradually with the increase of rrigation water,but the content of soluble sugar in peppers increased with the increase of rrigation water.The amount of irrigation increased the total accumulation of nutrients(N,P and K),the physiological use efficiency of N and K and the partial fertilizer productivity in pepper fruits and shoots.Except that the physiological utilization efficiency of P was lower than that of T4,the other nutrient utilization parameters of T3 were not significantly different from those of T4,and the physiological utilization efficiency of K was even significantly higher than that of T4.[Conclusion]When the irrigation amount is 4392-4733 t/hm^(2)(T3 and T4),the soil en-zyme activity,yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepp

关 键 词：辣椒 灌水量 土壤酶活性 产量 品质 养分利用效率 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]