氮磷钾配方施肥对滇龙胆光合特性及主要性状的影响  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and main agronomic traits of Gentiana rigescens

作　　者：刘昊 黄彬 徐蔧声 李纪潮[2] 张金渝[2] 左应梅[2] 简邦丽 何凤春 LIU Hao;HUANG Bin;XU Hui-sheng;LI Ji-chao;ZHANG Jin-yu;ZUO Ying-mei;JIAN Bang-li;HE Feng-chun(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Medicine Plants,A-cademy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650200,China;Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center,Yunxian,Yun-nan 675800,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Yunxian,Yunxian,Yunnan 675800,China;Xinhe Agricultural De-velopment Co.,Ltd.,Yunxian,Yunnan 675800,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学中药学院,昆明650500 [2]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,昆明650200 [3]云县科技成果转化中心,云南云县675800 [4]云县农业技术推广站,云南云县675800 [5]云县信合农业发展有限公司,云南云县675800

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第6期1242-1251,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目(202004AC100001-A11-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮、磷、钾配方施肥对滇龙胆光合特性、主要性状以及药材品质的影响,为滇龙胆的高效施肥提供参考。【方法】以1年生的滇龙胆种苗为试验材料,采用“3414”盆栽施肥试验方案,通过对氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥料进行配比组合,测定其在不同配方施肥处理条件下(T1~T14)的生长指标和光合生理指标,并通过隶属函数法筛选出最佳氮、磷、钾施用配比。【结果】滇龙胆植株性状及龙胆苦苷含量在各施肥处理间具有显著差异(P<0.05,下同)。其中T3处理(N_(1)P_(2)K_(2))滇龙胆净光合速率(P_(n))、根长、根粗、根干重、龙胆苦苷含量达到最大值,分别为10.88μmol/(m^(2)·s)、27.44 cm、1.89 mm、1.05 g、7.93%,分别是T1(CK)处理(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0))的1.87、2.07、1.54、3.09、1.17倍。通过隶属函数法对主要性状进行综合评价,在各处理中T3处理的综合表现最佳。氮、磷、钾3因素对滇龙胆P_(n)、气孔导度(G_(s))的影响排序为K>N>P,对胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))的影响排序为K>P>N,对蒸腾速率(T_(r))的影响排序为N>P>K;对滇龙胆的株高、茎粗、茎重、叶重、根长、根干重的影响排序为N>K>P,对叶长、叶宽、根粗的影响排序为P>N>K,对分枝数、龙胆苦苷量的影响排序为K>N>P,对叶片数的影响排序为K>P>N。【结论】各施肥处理均有助于提高滇龙胆的光合参数、农艺性状、产量以及有效成分含量,结合隶属函数分析结果综合评价,T3处理((N_(1)P_(2)K_(2),即施用N 1.5 g/m^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)3 g/m^(2)、K_(2)O 3 g/m^(2))可作为盆栽滇龙胆的最佳参考配方。[Objective]The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics,main characters and quality of medicinal materials of Gentiana rigescens were studied,in order to provide a reference for efficient fertilization to G.rigescens.[Method]One-year-old seedlings of G.rigescens were taken as experimental materials,in a potted fertilizer experiment abiding with‘3414'scheme was conducted.By combining ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers,their growth and photosynthetic physiological indicators were measured under diferent ferilization treatments(T1-T14),and the optimal ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium application were selected through the membership function method.[Result]Significant differences in plant traits and gentiopi-croside content were observed among different fertilizer treatments(P<0.05,the same as below).The T3 treatment(N_(1)P_(2)K_(2))had the highest net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),root length,root thickness,root weight,and gentiopicroside content,that respectively were 10.88μmol/(m^(2)·s),27.44 cm,1.89 mm,1.05 g,and 7.93%.These values were 1.87,2.07,1.54,3.09 and 1.17 times higher than those of the TI treatment(CK)(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)),respectively.The comprehensive evaluation of the main characteristics using the membership function method showed that the performance of the T3 treatment was the best of all treatments.The effect size of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the P_(n),stomatal conductance(G_(s))of G.rigescens ranked in the order of K>N>P,and on the intercellular concentration of CO_(2)(C_(i))in the order of K>P>N,and on transpiration rate(T_(r))in the order of N>P>K.The effects on plant height,stem thickness,stem weight,leaf weight,root length,and root dry weight of G.rigescens ranked in the order of N>K>P,and on leaf length,leaf width,and root thickness in the order of P>N>K.The effects on branching number and gentiopicroside content ranked in the order of K>N>P,and on the number of leaves in the order of K>P

关 键 词：滇龙胆 配方施肥 光合特性 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]