氮高效甜瓜种质资源的筛选与评价  

Screening and evaluation of muskmelon germplasm resources with high nitrogen efficiency

作　　者：康利允[1] 李晓慧[1] 高宁宁[1] 梁慎[1] 常高正[1] 李海伦 王慧颖 徐小利[1] 赵卫星[1] KANG Li-yun;LI Xiao-hui;GAO Ning-ning;LIANG Shen;CHANG Gao-zheng;LI Hai-un;WANG Hui-ying;XU Xiao-i;ZHAO Wei-xing(Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第6期1271-1278,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-25);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110122);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZC25)。

摘　　要：[目的]挖掘和筛选耐低氮、氮高效的甜瓜种质资源,提高甜瓜的氮效率。[方法]以59个甜瓜品种(系)为供试材料,采用田间试验进行施氮(CK,200 kg/hm^(2))与不施氮(LN,0 kg/hm^(2))处理,对甜瓜成熟期主要农艺性状、产量、氮吸收与利用等相关性状进行分析,研究不同甜瓜品种(系)间产量、氮素积累量及氮素生理利用率间的差异及相关性。[结果]施氮处理下不同甜瓜品种(系)果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚、果形指数、单瓜重、叶干重、茎干重、果干重、植株干重等主要农艺性状的变异幅度为15.79%~22.96%,不施氮处理不同甜瓜品种(系)主要农艺性状的变异幅度为18.16%~30.93%;施氮处理下不同甜瓜品种(系)叶氮含量、茎氮含量、果氮含量、叶氮积累量、茎氮积累量、果氮积累量、植株氮积累量及氮生理利用率等氮吸收与利用相关性状的变异系数变化幅度为14.69%~26.00%,不施氮处理不同甜瓜品种(系)氮吸收与利用相关性状的变异系数变化幅度为16.40%~39.44%,不施氮处理甜瓜的主要农艺性状、氮吸收与利用相关性状的变异系数明显大于施氮处理,表明不同甜瓜品种(系)在耐低氮方面存在显著的遗传差异性,且氮素供应不足时更容易鉴别不同甜瓜品种(系)的耐低氮能力。相关分析表明,2种施氮水平下,甜瓜产量与果实纵径、果实横径、果实肉厚、果形指数、单瓜重、叶干重、茎干重、果干重、植株干重、叶氮积累量、茎氮积累量、果氮积累量、植株氮积累量均呈显著或极显著正相关。基于2种氮水平下的产量差异将不同甜瓜品种(系)耐低氮能力划分为4类,分别为双高效型、低氮高效型、高氮高效型和双低效型;2种氮水平下,4类氮效率品种间的产量、植株干重、植株氮积累量和氮生理利用率差异均达到极显著水平。[结论]双高效型和低氮高效型甜瓜对氮肥反应不敏感,在氮素供应不�[Objective]The study aimed to explore and screen muskmelon germplasm resources with low nitrogen tolerance and high nitrogen efficiency,and improve nitrogen efficiency.[Method]In the study,59 muskmelon varieties(lines)were used as experimental materials.The main agronomic traits,yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization at maturity stage of muskmelon were analyzed by field experiments with nitrogen application(CK,200 kg/hm^(2))and no nitrogen(LN,0 kg/hm^(2))application.The difference and correlation analysis of yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen physiological utilization rate among different muskmelon varieties(lines)were studied.[Result]The variation range of main agronomic traits,such as fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and flesh thickness was 15.79%-22.96%under nitrogen application,and that of main agronomic traits was 18.16%-30.93%under no nitrogen application.The variation range of the variation coefficient of the traits related to nitrogen absorption and utilization in muskmelon was 14.69%-26.00%,16.40%-39.44%under no nitrogen fertilization.The variation coefficient of main agronomic traits and traits related to nitrogen uptake and utilization under no nitrogen application was significantly higher than that of nitrogen application,indicating that there was significant genetic difference in low nitrogen tolerance of muskmelon,and it was easier to identify the low nitrogen tolerance of different muskmelon varieties(lines)when nitrogen supply was insufficient.Correlation analysis showed that the yield of muskmelon was significant or extremely significantly positive correlated with the main agronomic traits and nitrogen accumulation under nitrogen application and no nitrogen application levels.Based on the yield difference of two nitrogen application levels,the tolerance of different muskmelon varieties(lines)to low nitrogen was divided into four types,which were double high efficiency type,low nitrogen high efficiency type,high nitrogen high efficiency type and double low efficiency type.Under

关 键 词：甜瓜 氮效率 农艺性状 氮吸收与利用 

分 类 号：S652.9[农业科学—果树学]