文山市蝴蝶群落结构与物种多样性  

Structure and species diversity of butterfly community in Wenshan city

作　　者：王灵敏 李晨阳 尹晶 施雯 王有慧 易传辉[2] 和秋菊[1] WANG Ling-min;LI Chen-yang;YIN Jing;SHI Wen;WANG You-hui;YI Chuan-hui;HE Qiu-ju(College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第6期1336-1345,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660631);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019-2023年)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过对文山市蝴蝶资源进行调查,旨在了解该地区蝴蝶群落结构和物种多样性。[方法]结合文山市的气候类型、海拔梯度和行政区域状况,于2019年7月至2020年10月采用网格法对文山市蝴蝶进行了系统调查;在15个乡(镇)内共设定31条调查采集样线,每条样线长度1~2 km,平均每个乡(镇)1~3条线路,并利用捕虫网采集沿途蝴蝶。[结果]共采集蝴蝶标本1338个,隶属于5科76属115种,其中蛱蝶科物种数最多,有32属48种,占总种数的41.74%;其次为灰蝶科,有21属26种,占总种数的22.61%;弄蝶科物种数最少,仅有8属8种,占总种数的6.96%。各科蝴蝶的多样性指数在1.8993~3.0162,其中以蛱蝶科最高,达3.0162,其次是灰蝶科,为2.7355,以粉蝶科最低,仅为1.8993。优势科为蛱蝶科,优势种为宽边黄粉蝶、虎斑蝶和波蛱蝶。文山市蝴蝶多样性存在时空差异,在季节分布上,秋季多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均高于夏季,分别为3.5463、14.3276和0.7701,夏季分别为2.9437、10.8301和0.7078;在海拔分布上,以1400~1600 m多样性指数和丰富度指数最高,分别为3.4528和13.9578,以1800~2000 m最低,仅为1.4898和1.4771,均匀度指数以2000~2200 m最高,达0.9499,以1200~1400 m最低,仅为0.7417,优势度指数以1800~2000 m最高。在行政区域上,薄竹镇多样性指数最高,为3.1918,坝心乡最低,为1.9338;丰富度指数以开化镇最高,为8.8766,平坝镇最低,为2.7678。[结论]文山市蝴蝶多样性较丰富,且蝴蝶多样性在不同季节、海拔和行政区域上呈现出一定差异,这可能与当地自然环境、人为干扰和蝴蝶自身的生物学特性等因素有关。[Objective]The purpose of the study was to investigate the butterfly community structure and species diversity in Wenshan city.[Method]According to the climate types,altitude gradient and administrative areas of Wenshan city,butterflies were systematically investigated by grid method from July 2019 to October 2020.A total of 31 transect lines were set up in 15 towns.Each transect was 1-2 kilometres in length,with an average of 1-3 lines per town.Insect nets were used to collect butterflies along the route.[Result]A total of 1338 collected butterfly specimens were classified into 5 families,76 genera and 115 species.Nymphalidae was the dominant family,with the 48 species in 32 genera,accounting for 41.74%of the collected samples.The second was Lycaenidae,with 26 species in 21 genera,accounting for 22.61%of the collected samples.The Hesperiidae was only 8 species in 8 genera,accounting for 6.96%of the collected samples.The diversity index of butterflies in all families ranged from 1.8993 to 3.0162,of which Nymphalidae was the highest(3.0162),followed by Lycaenidae(2.7355)and Pieridae(1.8993)being the lowest.The dominant family was the Nymphalidae,and the dominant species were Eurema hecabe,Danaus genutia and Ariadne ariadne.There were temporal and spatial differences in butterfly diversity in Wenshan city.In terms of seasonal distribution,the diversity index(3.5463),richness index(14.3276)and evenness index(0.7701)in autumns were higher than those in summers,which the diversity index,richness index and evenness index in summers were 2.9437,10.8301 and 0.7078,respectively.In altitude distribution,the diversity index(3.4528)and richness index(13.9578)were the highest at 1400-1600 meters,and the lowest were 1.4898 and 1.4771 at 1800-2000 meters.The evenness index was the highest at 2000-2200 meters(0.9499),and the lowest was at 1200-1400 meters(0.7417).The dominance index was the highest in the range of 1800-2000 m.In the administrative region,the diversity index of Bozhu town was the highest(3.1918)and Baxin town was

关 键 词：多样性 群落结构 蝴蝶 网格法 文山市 

分 类 号：S186[农业科学—农业基础科学]