构造煤层水力造穴卸压增透瓦斯抽采技术体系与应用  

Technical system and application of hydraulic cavitation pressure relief and anti-reflection gas extraction in structural coal seam

作　　者：徐遵玉 XU Zunyu(Gas Research Branch of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400037,China;Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司瓦斯研究分院,重庆400037 [2]安徽理工大学,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《中国矿业》2023年第8期95-101,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：重庆英才计划创新创业示范团队项目资助(编号:cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0220)。

摘　　要：构造煤层具有渗透率低、煤层强度较低、瓦斯含量较高等特点,易出现堵孔、喷孔等现象,直接导致该类煤层瓦斯抽采难度较大。为解决构造煤层低渗透率导致的瓦斯抽采难题,分析了现有煤层增透技术及优缺点,介绍了一种区域性水力造穴卸压增透技术,提出了水力造穴卸压增透瓦斯抽采技术体系,具体包括水力造穴钻冲装备、煤水分离和煤量计量系统、高低负压独立瓦斯抽采系统。以试验采区为工程背景,介绍并分析了现有煤层增透技术及其优缺点,研究提出了区域性水力造穴卸压增透技术,形成了以水力造穴钻冲装备、煤水分离和煤量计量系统、高低负压独立瓦斯抽采系统为主的区域性水力造穴卸压增透技术体系。现场试验等间距7 m、8 m、10 m、12 m以及变间距水力造穴方案,分析不同钻孔直径的抽采效果,对比分析单孔及组孔的瓦斯抽采效果。研究结果表明,采用变间距水力造穴卸压增透技术,有效保障了煤体卸压增透效果,解决“掘进-抽采”不均衡问题,为解决构造煤层低渗透率导致的瓦斯抽采难题提供一种新技术。Structural coal seam has the characteristics of low permeability,low strength and high gas content,and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of plugging and blasting,which directly leads to the difficulty of gas extraction in this kind of coal seam.In order to solve the problem of gas extraction caused by low permeability of structural coal seam,the existing anti-reflection technology of coal seam and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed,a regional hydraulic cavitation pressure relief and anti-reflection technology is introduced,and the hydraulic cavitation pressure relief and anti-reflection gas extraction technology system is put forward,including hydraulic cavitation drilling and punching equipment,coal water separation and coal quantity measurement system,high and low negative pressure independent gas extraction system.Taking the test mining area as the engineering background,the existing anti-reflection technology of coal seam and its advantages and disadvantages are introduced and analyzed.The regional hydraulic cavitation pressure relief and reflection improvement technology is put forward,and a regional hydraulic cavitation pressure relief and reflection improvement technology system is formed,which is mainly composed of hydraulic cavitation drilling and punching equipment,coal-water separation and coal quantity measurement system,and high and low negative pressure independent gas extraction system.Field tests are conducted with equal spacing of 7 m,8 m,10 m,12 m and variable spacing hydraulic cavitation schemes,and the pumping effect of different borehole diameters is analyzed,and the gas extraction effect of single hole and group hole is compared and analyzed.The results show that the hydraulic cavitation with variable spacing can effectively guarantee the effect of coal body pressure relief and permeability improvement,solves the unbalanced problem of tunneling and pumping,and provides a new technology to solve the problem of gas extraction caused by low permeability of structural coal seam.

关 键 词：构造煤层 水力造穴 卸压增透 瓦斯抽采 现场应用 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]