微波氯化分解氟碳铈矿的研究  

Decomposition Process of Bastnaesite Concentrate by Microwave Chlorination

作　　者：田宇 许延辉[1,2] 郑淇元 马升峰[1] 高凯 Tian Yu;Xu Yanhui;Zheng Qiyuan;Ma Shengfeng;Gao Kai(Institute of Resources and Ecological Environment,Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]包头稀土研究院资源与生态环境研究所,内蒙古包头014030 [2]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2023年第4期830-838,I0005,共10页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

摘　　要：采用微波加热技术氯化分解四川冕宁60%品位的氟碳铈精矿(含氟碳铈矿57.78%,氟碳钙铈矿33.86%),利用无水MgCl_(2)作为氯化剂,活性炭作为辅助剂,实现了微波场中空气气氛下氟碳铈精矿的无氧化焙烧分解。通过热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析等检测手段,阐明了微波氯化分解氟碳铈精矿的无氧化反应机理,得到了主要以氯氧化稀土(REOCl)和氟化镁(MgF_(2))为主的微波焙烧矿。通过实验,确定了微波氯化分解工艺的最佳参数:微波功率1200 W,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间30 min,矿盐比(氟碳铈精矿∶无水氯化镁∶活性碳)为1∶0.25∶0.18。在此条件下,氟碳铈精矿的分解率为96.23%,酸浸液中氟的浸出率只有23.35%,铈的氧化率小于0.6%。This article used microwave radiation to chlorinate 60%grade bastnaesite concentrate in Mianning,Sichuan Province,with anhydrous magnesium chloride as chlorination agent and activated carbon as auxiliary agent.This process can realize the roasting decomposition of bastnaesite concentrate and the non oxidation of rare earth cerium elements in air atmosphere.Through thermogravimetric(TG)-differential thermal analysis(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy spectrum analysis(EDS),the mechanism of nonoxidation reaction in the process of microwave chlorination decomposition of fluorocerium concentrate was clarified.Microwave chlorination decomposition of bastnaesite concentrate mainly produces rare earth oxychloride(REOCL)and magnesium fluoride(MgF_(2)).The optimum technological parameters of chlorination decomposition are as follows:microwave power of 1200 W,roasting temperature of 800℃,roasting time of 30 min,mineral salt ratio of 1∶0.25,and the amount of activated carbon of 15%of the mass of mixed ore.Under these conditions,the decomposition rate of fluorocarbon cerium concentrate is 96.23%,and the leaching rate of fluorine in acid leaching solution is only 23.35%.The oxidation rate of cerium is less than 0.6%.

关 键 词：微波加热 氯化分解 无氧化焙烧 氟碳铈精矿 活性碳 稀土 

分 类 号：TF845.6[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]