矿井降温技术研究进展与展望  

Present Situation and Prospect of Mine Geothermal Hazard Control Technology

作　　者：柳静献[1] 李国栋 常德强[1] 李元辉[1,2] LIU Jingxian;LI Guodong;CHANG Deqiang;LI Yuanhui(School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第7期18-27,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2016YFC0801605,2017YFC0211801,2016YFC0203701);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(编号:XLYC2002091);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(编号:2019JH2/10100004);浙江省重点研发计划项目(编号:2020C03089);2020年沈阳市社会治理科技专项(编号:20-206-4-09)。

摘　　要：矿井高温热害是矿井深部安全开采的重要影响因素之一,有效且经济的矿井降温技术对于深部高温矿井安全且高效开采尤为重要。分析了矿井热源的种类及热害对人的影响,并对目前矿井降温技术的原理及应用研究现状进行了评述;研究了用于热害较轻或浅部矿井的非人工制冷技术,着重阐述了用于热害较重和深部矿井的多种人工降温制冷技术;对比分析了液态气体相变制冷技术、直膨式热泵降温技术、动力性热管降温技术、个体防护服和涡流管结合矿井微气候调节技术的优缺点及其在矿山现场的应用研究进展,指出了目前各类降温技术存在的共性问题,讨论了未来地热控制及余热回收利用的技术发展趋势,为选择合适的深井降温技术提供依据。研究表明:目前矿井降温技术虽然飞速发展但存在能耗较大、制冷系统设备复杂且难以维护,只重视降温而忽略矿井湿度过高,未能充分利用矿井地热能源价值,非煤矿山专用降温系统研究较少等不足。针对矿井降温系统的共性问题提出了开发节能且高效的新型降温技术,着力开发制冷设备,坚持降温除湿并重的原则,充分利用矿井地热能源以及设计非煤矿山专用的矿井降温技术等应对措施。Mine geothermal hazard is one of the important factors for deep safety mining.Effective and economical mine cooling techniques are particularly important for the safe and efficient mining of deep,high-temperature mines.The types of mine heat sources and the impact of thermal hazard on people are analyzed,and the current state of research on the principles and applications of mine cooling technologies is reviewed.The non-artificial refrigeration technology for the mine with light or shallow thermal hazard is studied,and the various artificial cooling and refrigeration technology for the mine with heavy thermal hazard and deep mine are expounded emphatically.The advantages and disadvantages of cooling technology,individual protective clothing and vortex tube combined with mine microclimate control technology and the progress of application research in the mine site are compared and analyzed.The common problems of the current cooling technologies are pointed out,and the future technical development trend of geothermal control and waste heat recovery and utilization are discussed,so as to provide certain reference for the selection of suitable deep shaft cooling technology.The results show that although the current mine cooling technology is developing rapidly,there are problems such as large energy consumption,complex refrigeration equipment systems and difficulty in maintenance,high humidity in mines that only focus on cooling,failure to fully utilize the geothermal energy value of mines,and less research on special cooling systems for non-coal mines.In view of the common problems of mine cooling systems,it is proposed to develop new energy-saving and efficient cooling technologies,focus on the development of refrigeration equipment,adhere to the principle of both cooling and dehumidification,make full use of mine geothermal energy and design mine cooling technologies for non-coal mines.

关 键 词：深部开采 矿井热害 热源 降温技术 地热控制 余热回收 

分 类 号：TD727[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]