基于水射流引射与干雾降尘技术的新型孔口除尘装置研发  

Research and Development of a New Drilling Dust Removal Device Based on Water Jet Injection and Dry Mist Dust Reduction Technology

作　　者：王天暘 石晶 周玉竹 金龙哲[5] 刘建国[5] 李刚 孙竹聪 李健 陈长岭 丁尧 WANG Tianyang;SHI Jing;ZHOU Yuzhu;JIN Longzhe;LIU Jianguo;LI Gang;SUN Zhucong;LI Jian;CHEN Changling;DING Yao(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 100083,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China;Sichuan Zhuchuang Security Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China;Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Huaibei Mining Co.,Ltd.,Huaibei 235000,China;Yangliu Coal Mine,Huaibei Mining Co.,Ltd.,Huaibei 235119,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国劳动关系学院安全工程学院,北京100048 [4]四川铸创安全科技有限公司,四川成都610041 [5]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083 [6]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [7]淮北矿业股份有限公司,安徽淮北235000 [8]淮北矿业股份有限公司杨柳煤矿,安徽淮北235119

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第7期120-128,共9页Metal Mine

基　　金：金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:2022-JSKSSYS-02);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC2903901);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(编号:FRF-TP-22-115A1);国家卫健委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:KLECDH20220201)。

摘　　要：为有效控制煤矿井下干式钻孔作业的粉尘污染问题,在分析干式钻孔产尘扩散特性的基础上,结合水射流负压引射与干雾降尘技术优势,设计研发了新型干式钻孔孔口除尘装置。通过理论分析与实验室试验研究了该装置各组件的具体结构和主要性能参数,并在杨柳煤矿顺层孔钻场开展了现场试验,实测了该装置的除尘效果。结果表明:新型孔口除尘装置由孔口集尘装置、水射流负压引射装置、干雾降尘装置三部分组成,分别具备尘源密闭、抽吸粉尘、捕集外溢粉尘等功能。水射流负压引射装置的工作水流量、抽吸量及引射系数均随工作水压的增大呈线性增大。气压0.70 MPa、水压0.18 MPa为单个干雾喷头的最佳工况参数,当干雾发生器挂载15个干雾喷头、干雾降尘装置距孔口1.2 m时,可实现对孔口全部漏尘点的雾场覆盖。新型孔口除尘装置现场应用后,钻机下风侧6 m和20m的全尘除尘率分别达到了88.9%和87.5%,取得了显著的除尘效果。In order to effectively control dust pollution during dry drilling in underground coal mines,this paper presents a newly designed and developed dust removal device.The development of this dust removal device is based on the analysis of dust diffusion characteristics and it combines the benefits of water jet injection and dry mist dust reduction technology.Theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the specific structure and main performance parameters of each component of the device.Field tests were conducted in the Yangliu Coal Mine Drilling Yard to measure the dust removal rate of the device.According to the results,the new dust removal device comprises a drilling dust collecting device,water jet ejector,and dry mist dust settling device.These three parts respectively have the functions of dust source sealing,dust extraction and dust capture from drilling holes.The water flow rate,suction volume,and ejection coefficient of the water jet ejector increase linearly with increasing water pressure.The optimal operating parameters for a single dry mist nozzle are an air pressure of 0.70 MPa and a water pressure of 0.18 MPa.When the dry mist generator is equipped with 15 nozzles and the dry mist dust settling device is positioned 1.2 m away from the borehole,the resulting mist field effectively covers all the borehole′s leaking points.Upon field application of the new dust removal device,the total dust removal rates were found to be 88.9%and 87.5%at distances of 6 m and 20 m respectively from the downwind side of the drilling rig.These results demonstrate a remarkable dust removal effect.

关 键 词：干式钻孔 水射流 负压引射 干雾 除尘装置 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]