苹果主要真菌病害广谱拮抗木霉菌的筛选鉴定及田间防效  

Screening and Identification of Broad-Spectrum Antagonistic Trichoderma against Pathogenic Fungi for Apple and Its Field Control Effect in Orchard

作　　者：赵云福[1,4] 乔淑芹[1] 王海燕[1] 许海军[1] 赵利华 武海斌[2] 孙志强[3] 王佳宁 梁晨[4] ZHAO Yunfu;QIAO Shuqin;WANG Haiyan;XU Haijun;ZHAO Lihua;WU Haibin;SUN Zhiqiang;WANG Jianing;LIANG Chen(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yantai 264001,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian 271000,China;Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co,Ltd,Yantai 264003,China;Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市农业技术推广中心,烟台264001 [2]山东省果树研究所,泰安271000 [3]烟台绿云生物科技有限公司,烟台264003 [4]青岛农业大学,青岛266109

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2023年第3期567-574,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2018PC019);山东省烟台市科技发展计划项目(2013NC058,2020XCZX025)。

摘　　要：为筛选广谱苹果病原真菌拮抗菌,采用平板对峙法、生长速率法,从山东多地果园分离筛选出对4种常见苹果病原真菌具有明显拮抗作用的两株木霉菌YTLY-13和YTLY-36,经其形态特征及翻译延伸因子(translation elongation factor 1,TEF1)序列同源性鉴定,结果表明,两菌株分别为绿木霉Trichoderma virens和哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum,对病原菌菌丝生长均有明显抑制作用,抑菌率均在68.45%以上,其中对苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌率相对稍高,达73.92%以上。田间药效结果表明,菌株YTLY-36对4种苹果真菌病害防效显著高于菌株YTLY-13的防效,与代森联、枯草芽胞杆菌防效相当,且生长速度快、发酵简单,具备开发成为果树专用广谱微生物杀菌剂的潜力。In order to screen broad-spectrum fungal antagonist against apple pathogenic fungi for apple,two Trichoderma strains YTLY-13 and YTLY-36,which had obvious antagonistic effects against four common pathogenic fungi for apple,were isolated from orchards in a variety of places in Shandong Province via plate confrontation method and growth rate method.The results indicated that YTLY-13 and YTLY-36 were Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum respectively,based on their morphological characteristics and sequence homology of translation elongation factor 1(TEF1),which had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogenic fungi,with the inhibition rate of 68.45%,among which the inhibition rate against Cytospora mandshurica was relatively high,reaching 73.92%.The results of field efficacy showed that the control effect of strain YTLY-36 against four fungal diseases of apple was significantly higher than that of strain YTLY-13,which was equivalent to the registered agent metiram and Bacillus subtilis,and had fast growth rate and simple fermentation,and YTLY-36 exhibited the good potential to be developed as a special broad-spectrum microbial fungicide for apple trees.

关 键 词：苹果 真菌病害 拮抗菌 鉴定 木霉菌 田间防效 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]