钻孔卸压防治岩爆机理的试验研究进展与展望  

Progress and prospect of experimental research on the mechanism of rockburst prevention and control by drilling pressure relief

作　　者：宫凤强 何志超 GONG Fengqiang;HE Zhichao(School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《隧道与地下工程灾害防治》2023年第2期1-23,共23页Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077244,41877272);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2242022k30054)。

摘　　要：基于宏观(力学行为特征、破坏特征、能量演化)和微观(裂纹演化)视角综述预制钻孔和高应力实时钻孔在解析钻孔卸压防治岩爆灾害机理方面的试验研究进展,阐述钻孔卸压防治岩爆灾害的合理性和有效性。理论研究、试验分析证实钻孔卸压是解除深部围岩高应力、高能量的关键技术,为应用钻孔卸压防治岩爆方案制定优化提供参考。高应力实时钻孔试验方法是一种更为科学的揭示钻孔卸压防治岩爆内在机理的新研究方法。根据岩爆诱发机理和当前多功能试验系统的技术条件,对解析钻孔卸压防治岩爆机理的试验研究提出6个发展方向:研发适配真三轴试验系统的高应力钻机试验设备;考虑扰动因素下的高应力实时钻孔卸压模拟试验;模拟深部隧洞(巷道)开挖后的实时钻孔卸压试验(“三维六面加载-单面卸载-实时钻孔卸压”试验);构建三维高应力实时钻孔卸压下围岩能量演化的解析模型;探究卸压钻孔的空间尺寸效应与围岩应力场及围岩内部能量耗散机制的关系;基于数值模拟软件建立大尺度高应力围岩的钻孔卸压防治岩爆的计算模型.The paper reviewed the experimental research progress of prefabricated drilling and high stress real-time drill-ing in analyzing the mechanism of drilling pressure relief(DPR)for preventing rockburst disasters from the perspectives of macroscopic(mechanical behavior characteristics,failure characteristics,energy evolution)and microscopic(crack evolution),and elaborated on the rationality and effectiveness of DPR for preventing rockburst disasters.Theoretical re-search and experimental analysis had confirmed that DPR was a key technology for relieving high stress and high energy in deep surrounding rocks,providing a reference for optimizing the application of DPR to prevent rockburst.High stress real-time drilling test method was a more scientific new research method that revealed the internal mechanism of DPR to prevent rockburst.Based on this,six development directions had been proposed for the experimental research on the mechanism of rockburst induction and the current technical conditions of multifunctional testing systems to analyze the mechanism of DPR to prevent rockburst:developing high-stress drilling rig test equipment compatible with true triaxial test systems;considering disturbance factors in high-stress real-time DPR simulation tests;simulating real-time DPR test after excavation of deep tunnels(roadway)("3D six-sided loading-single-sided unloading-real-time DPR"test);con-structing an analytical model for the energy evolution of surrounding rock under 3D high stress real-time DPR;exploring the relationship between the spatial size effect of pressure relief drilling and the stress field and internal energy dissipation mechanism of surrounding rock;establishing a computational model for rockburst prevention by DPR in large-scale high-stress surrounding rock based on numerical simulation software.

关 键 词：岩爆 钻孔卸压 深埋隧洞 高应力 应变能演化 

分 类 号：TD32[矿业工程—矿井建设] TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]