湖南祠堂的平面形制与空间特征  

Plane Shape and SSpatial Characteristics of Ancestral Temples in Hunan Province

作　　者：王辉 李婧琦 Wang Hui;Li Jingqi

机构地区：[1]湖南省文物考古研究院 [2]长沙理工大学建筑学院

出　　处：《中外建筑》2023年第7期27-30,共4页Chinese & Overseas Architecture

摘　　要：以湘北、湘东、湘南、湘西、湘中5个地区的16处代表性祠堂为研究样本,从平面形制和空间特征上总结归纳湖南祠堂建筑的基本特征:在平面布局上,存在“田”字型、“日”字型、“口”字型和组合型4种布局方式,其中“田”字型、组合型多见于土地资源丰富、经济较为发达的地区,而“日”字型、“口”字型常见于建筑布局紧凑的环境;在空间特征上,湖南祠堂主要由井院空间、祭祀空间和辅助空间构成,祭祀空间是祠堂建筑最核心的空间,井院空间起到各部分的联系作用,辅助空间在设置上灵活性较强。在总结湖南祠堂形制特征的基础上,发掘丘陵地区传统营建活动值得借鉴的经验。Taking 16 representative ancestral temples in northern Hunan,eastern Hunan,southern Hunan,western Hunan,and central Hunan regions as research samples,this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of Hunan ancestral temples architecture from the plane shape and spatial characteristics.In the plane layout,there are four layout types:"田""日","",and combination type.Among them,the"田"type and the combination type usually appear in vast and affuent places,the"日"type and the""type usually appear in areas where land resources are in short supply:In terms of the spatial features,Hunan ancestral temples are mainly composed of well courtyard space,sacrificial space and auxiliary space,the sacrificial space is the most core space of the ancestral femple buildings,the well courtyard space plays a role in connecting each part,and the auxiliary space is more flexible in the Settings.On the basis of summarizing the shape and system characteristics of ancestral temples in Hunan province,this paper explores the experience worthy of learning from the traditional construction activities in hilly areas.

关 键 词：平面形制 空间类型 建筑特征 祠堂建筑 湖南 

分 类 号：TU251[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]