巴基斯坦教派主义问题:嬗变、冲突与动因  

Pakistan Sectarianism Problem Evolution Conflict and Motivation

作　　者：杨玉龙 Yang Yulong

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《南亚研究季刊》2023年第2期135-155,160,共22页South Asian Studies Quarterly

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“百年变局下国际体系与中东地区互动关系研究”(项目编号:22JJD810023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：教派冲突问题在巴基斯坦建国后因政治化等因素诱发了严重的社会冲突,本世纪初以后,穆沙拉夫执政时期曾采取强有力的军事安全政策,使国内安全形势一度得到缓解,但教派冲突问题仍难以根除。2011年以来,巴基斯坦出现新一轮教派冲突,一是巴国内部分政治集团或组织利用宗教认同作为政治动员资源,引起更加严重的教派主义政治化趋势;二是巴政府在宗教教育体系和打击极端主义组织方面存在治理缺失和监管缺位;三是新时期全球宗教极端主义思潮与势力的扩散加剧了巴国教派冲突风险;四是德奥班迪学派和瓦哈比主义在反什叶派宣传方面煽动教派对立。巴基斯坦亟须通过多路径去廓清和批驳激进主义势力在反什叶派思想和教派主义话语方面的思想错误和话语误导,积极引导主流舆论发扬宗教宽容理念,严厉打击煽动教派仇恨的社会组织或媒体舆论。After the founding of Pakistan sectarian conflicts caused serious social conflicts due to politicization and other factors.After the beginning of this century Musharraf adopted a strong military security policy during his administration which eased the domestic security situation.Since 2011 there has been a new round of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan.First some political groups or organizations in Pakistan use religious identity as a political mobilization resource leading to a more serious trend of politicization of sectarianism Second the Pakistani government has a lack of governance and supervision in the religious education system and the fight against extremist organizations Third the spread of global religious extremist thoughts and forces in the new era has exacerbated the risk of sectarian conflicts in Pakistan Forth Debandi School and Wahhabism in terms of anti⁃Shia propaganda Instigate sectarian strife.For the Pakistani government it is urgent to clarify and refute the ideological errors and misleading discourses of radical forces in anti⁃Shia ideology and sectarian discourse through multiple channels actively guide mainstream public opinion to promote the concept of religious tolerance and severely crack down on inciting sectarian hatred social organizations or media opinion.

关 键 词：教派主义 巴基斯坦 教派冲突 什叶派 

分 类 号：D735.363[政治法律—政治学]