西南岩溶矿区采动影响下溶洞对导水裂隙发育规律研究  

Research on the development law of karst caves on water conducting fractures under the influence of mining in Southwest Karst Mining Areas

作　　者：李振华[1,2,3] 李松涛 杜锋[1,2,3] 王文强[1] 李建伟 焦阳 樊旋 LI Zhenhua;LI Songtao;DU Feng;WANG Wenqiang;LI Jianwei;JIAO Yang;FAN Xuan(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization,Jiaozuo 454003,China;Henan Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Control and Water Resources Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;College of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Technology Research Institute,Jincheng 048006,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454003 [2]煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,河南焦作454003 [3]河南理工大学河南省矿井水害防控及水资源利用工程技术研究中心,河南焦作454003 [4]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头014010 [5]山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司,山西晋城048006

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第7期106-117,共12页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52174073);河南省杰出青年基金资助项目(222300420007);河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助计划资助项目(2019XQG-08)。

摘　　要：黔西南矿区为我国典型的岩溶发育矿区,采动影响下岩溶顶板导水裂隙高度异常发育,雨季大气降水极易通过超高导水通道进入井下工作面,造成工作面涌水灾害,严重影响矿井的正常生产。为此,以新田煤矿煤层开采的导水裂隙为研究对象,在分析矿区溶洞赋存特征基础上,采用现场实测、室内模拟及理论分析等手段,研究了工作面开采过程中溶洞下顶板导水裂隙带的发育规律,揭示了超高导水裂隙的发育机理,结果表明:①研究区域顶板溶洞在地表—玉龙山段—长兴组等层位由上而下具有明显的分带现象,地表沿沟谷处落水洞发育,玉龙山段强含水层中上部溶洞发育,且呈现不同形态的串珠状,长兴组仅局部赋存直径较小的溶洞;②岩溶含水层中溶洞对导水裂隙有着重要的影响,无溶洞条件下,导水裂隙发育高度为43.1 m,裂采比为14.4,含溶洞条件下,导水裂隙发育异常,其高度可达173.1 m,裂采比高达57.7,与玉龙山段灰岩强含水层沟通;③溶洞下顶板导水裂隙由采动上行裂隙和溶洞失稳下行裂隙两部分构成,采动影响下,溶洞在集中应力和采动附加应力的共同作用下发生失稳,并容易形成下行裂隙,与采动上行裂隙沟通,最终形成黔西南矿区特殊的超高导水裂隙。Southwest Guizhou mining area is a typical karst development mining area in China.Under the influence of mining,the height of karst roof water conducting cracks is abnormally developed.During the rainy season,atmospheric precipitation is extremely easy to enter the underground working face through ultra-high water conducting channels,causing water inrush disasters at the working face,seriously affecting the normal production of the mine.Therefore,based on the analysis of the occurrence characteristics of karst caves in Xintian Coal Mine,the development rules of karst roof water conducting fracture zones during mining were studied by means of on-site measurement,indoor simulation,and theoretical analysis.The development mechanism of ultra-high water conducting fractures was revealed.The results show that:①The roof karst caves in the study area have obvious zonation phenomenon from top to bottom in the layers such as the surface,the Yulongshan section,and the Changxing Formation.The surface water holes develop along the gullies,and the karst caves in the upper and middle parts of the strong aquifer in the Yulongshan section develop,presenting different forms of beads.The Changxing Formation only locally hosts karst caves with smaller diameters;②Karst caves in karst aquifers have an important impact on water con-ducting fractures.Without karst caves,the development height of water conducting fractures is 43.1 m,and the fracture mining ratio is 14.4.Under karst caves,the development of water conducting fractures is abnormal,with a height of 173.1 m,and a fracture mining ratio of 57.7,which communicates with the strong limestone aquifer in the Yulong Mountain section;③Karst roof water conducting fissures consist of two parts:mining upward fissures and karst cave instability downward fissures.Under the influence of mining,karst caves be-come unstable under the combined action of concentrated stress and mining additional stress,and are prone to form downward fissures,which communicate with mining upward fissures,u

关 键 词：岩溶发育矿区 溶洞 采动上行裂隙 溶洞下行裂隙 超高导水裂隙 

分 类 号：TD713[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]