政府数据开放的公共安全悖论及其法治策应  

The Public Security Paradox of Government Data Opening and Its Legal Countermeasures

作　　者：姚志奋 王保民[1] Yao Zhifen;Wang Baoming(College of Law,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2023年第8期139-149,共11页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项项目“十八大以来党中央治国理政的法治思想研究”(16ZZD052)。

摘　　要：在大数据时代,政府数据开放制度有利于缩小公众与政府之间的信息鸿沟、打破政府部门之间的信息藩篱、优化国家数据治理体系和能力的现代化,但也面临着公众隐私权的入侵风险、国家安全情报的泄露风险以及数据开放技术的依赖风险。因此,如何在释放数据公共价值的同时,确保国家安全、社会公共安全不受影响,已然成为当前政府数据开放制度最大的悖论。事实证明,政府数据开放立法体系有待完善、政府数据开放裁量权不甚清晰、公民数据权利保障机制尚未健全以及数据开放多元治理机制不够成熟是当前引发公共安全悖论的主要根源,基于此,今后必须完善政府数据开放立法体系、规范政府数据开放自由裁量权、健全公民数据权利保障机制、推动政府数据开放多元治理,惟其如此,才能将政府数据开放融入法治轨道之中。In the era of big data,government data opening system is conducive to narrowing the information gap between the public and the government,breaking the information barriers between government departments,and optimizing the modernization of the national data governance system and capability.However,data opening is confronted with the risk of public privacy invasion,leakage of national security intelligence and dependence on data opening technology.Therefore,how to ensure that national security and social public security are not affected has become the biggest paradox of the current government data opening system while releasing the public value of data.Facts have proved that the legislative system of government data opening needs to be improved,the discretion of government data opening is not very clear,the protection mechanism of citizens data rights is not yet sound,and the diversified governance mechanism of data opening is not mature,which are the main causes of the current public security paradox in China.On this basis,it is necessary to improve the legislative system,standardize the discretion of government data opening,improve the protection mechanism of citizens data rights,and promote the diversified governance of government data opening.Only in this way can government data opening be integrated into the rule of law.

关 键 词：政府数据开放 公共安全 隐私权 法治 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]