新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播下的产量表现及农艺特性  

Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system

作　　者：潘想成 杨国栋 符迎迎 王昕钰 熊渠 徐乐 彭少兵 PAN Xiang-Cheng;YANG Guo-Dong;FU Ying-Ying;WANG Xin-Yu;XIONG Qu;XU Le;PENG Shao-Bing(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiaogan432000,Hubei,China;Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室/湖北洪山实验室/长江中游作物生理生态与耕作制度重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]孝感市农科院,湖北孝感432000 [3]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种实验室(省部共建),广东广州510640 [4]东北农业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第10期2738-2752,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971845);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻,CARS-01-20)资助。

摘　　要：为探究新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播模式下的产量表现及关键的高产农艺特性,本研究以超短生育期新品系CPPC18和4个对照品种(湘早籼6号、早籼615、中早39和两优152)为供试材料,2021年在湖北黄冈进行双季稻双直播的小区试验和生产示范,测定冠层光照拦截、干物质积累、倒伏特性、产量和产量构成因子等农艺性状。试验结果表明,超短生育期新品系在双季稻双直播模式下早晚兼用的单季生育期在95d以内,周年生育期为180~183 d,这比湘早籼6号早晚兼用增加7~9 d,而比早籼615早晚兼用和中早39与两优152早晚搭配分别缩短4~8d和16~22d。在小区试验中,超短生育期新品系CPPC18的周年产量相比其他品种增加7.2%~14.6%,达到14.9t hm^(-2)。超短生育期新品系较高的周年产量主要得益于其早季较强的早发特性和晚季较高的单位面积颖花数、结实率和收获指数。此外,超短生育期新品系具有比其他品种更强的抗倒伏能力,这主要得益于其较低的株高、重心高度和弯曲力矩。在生产示范中,超短生育期新品系的周年产量同样表现出明显优势,相比其他对照品种增产12.7%~21.6%。综上所述,超短生育期新品系CPPC18能够满足华中地区双季稻双直播高产稳产要求,具有良好的推广前景。The objective of this study is to explore the yield performance and yield-related traits of a newly developed ul-trashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system.An ultrashort-duration line named CPPC18,and four check cul-tivars(Xiangzaoxian 6,Zaoxian 615,Zhongzao 39,and Liangyou 152)were grown as the direct-seeded double-season rice in both plot-level and on-farm experiments in Hubei province in 2021.We measured canopy light interception,biomass accumula-tion,lodging characteristics,yield,and yield components.The result showed that the new line matured within 95 days in each season,and its annual growth duration was 180–183 days.This was 7–9 days longer than Xiangzaoxian 6,but 4–8 days and 16–22 days shorter than Zaoxian 615 and the combination of Zhongzao 39(early season)and Liangyou 152(late season),respectively.In the plot-level experiment,the annual yield of CPPC18 reached 14.9 t hm^(–2) and increased by 7.2%–14.6%compared with other cultivars.Yield advantage of CPPC18 was mainly attributed to its early vigor in early season and higher spikelets per m^(–2),grain filling percentage,and harvest index in late season.Besides,the lodging resistance of CPPC18 was stronger than other cultivars due to its lower plant height,the center of gravity height,and bending moment.Similarly,CPPC18 also had yield advantages over other cultivars in the on-farm experiment.The annual yield increased by 12.7%–21.6%over other cultivars.In conclusion,the newly developed ultrashort-duration line CPPC18 was suitable for direct-seeded,double-season rice system in central China for achieving high and stable yield.

关 键 词：农艺特性 双季稻双直播 超短生育期 生产示范 产量 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]