不同水分条件下施磷对冬小麦穗花发育及产量的影响  

Effects of phosphorus application on spike and fertile floret development and yield of winter wheat under different water treatments

作　　者：张艳艳 关涵文 刘淋茹 贺利 段剑钊 王晨阳[1,2] 郭天财 冯伟[1,2,3] ZHANG Yan-Yan;GUAN Han-Wen;LIU Lin-Ru;HE Li;DUAN Jian-Zhao;WANG Chen-Yang;GUO Tian-Cai;FENG Wei(Agronomy College of Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046 [2]省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [3]教育部作物生长发育调控重点实验室,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第10期2753-2765,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101830);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300204)资助。

摘　　要：为明确不同水分条件下施磷对冬小麦穗花发育成粒的调控效应,于2020—2022年以重穗型品种周麦16和多穗型品种豫麦49-198为试验材料,设置3种水分处理(重度干旱W0、中度干旱W1、正常水分W2)和2种磷素水平(不施磷肥P0、施磷肥P1),利用解剖镜观察小花发育进程,并测定干物质、可溶性糖含量、氮素含量、磷素含量、产量及其构成因素,研究不同水分条件下施磷对冬小麦可孕小花发育动态、营养物质的吸收与转运及产量的影响。结果表明,干旱影响小花的发育和结实,阻碍了地上部干物质合成及对营养物质的吸收,显著降低了产量。施磷肥可以促进穗花良好发育,有效减少小花的退化和败育,在开花前18d至开花期,施磷促进了两小麦品种穗及营养器官的干物质量和氮磷含量、穗部可溶性糖含量、正常水分下营养器官的可溶性糖含量、以及可溶性糖和磷含量的穗/营养器官比值,而干旱胁迫下营养器官的可溶性糖含量以及氮含量的穗/营养器官比值则呈现相反的趋势。与不施磷肥相比,施磷处理在3种水分条件下穗粒数与产量均显著提高,两品种一致,穗粒数的增幅为7.21%~20.97%(周麦16)和7.56%~21.84%(豫麦49-198),产量增幅为13.41%~29.32%(周麦16)和12.66%~29.76%(豫麦49-198),其中以中度干旱效果最明显。品种间比较,重穗型品种的穗粒数和产量高于多穗型品种,而穗数则相反。施磷对穗数和千粒重的影响有所不同,穗数在重度干旱下施磷处理间差异不显著,而在中度干旱和正常水分下处理间差异显著,千粒重在3种水分条件下施磷处理间差异均不显著。可见,在干旱胁迫下施磷可以促进地上部营养物质生产及同化,优化可溶性糖、氮及磷素在穗部的分配,为穗花发育提供充足营养以减少可孕小花退化,从而提高穗粒数和产量,其中中度干旱下调控效果最好。研究结果为通过施磷肥缓解干旱胁To clarify the regulatory effect of phosphorus application on spike floret development and grain setting under different water treatments,three water treatments(severe drought W0,moderate drought W1,and normal water W2)and two phosphorus levels(no phosphorus fertilizer P0 and phosphorus fertilizer P1)were set up in 2020-2022 with the massive-spike variety Zhoumai 16 and the multi-spike variety Yumai 49-198 as the experimental materials.The effects of phosphorus application under different water treatments on the developmental dynamics of fertile florets,nutrient uptake,and transport of winter wheat were investigated by observing the florets development process using a dissecting microscope and measuring the dry matter,soluble sugar content,nitrogen content,phosphorus content,yield and its components.The results showed that drought stress affected the floret development and grain set,hindered above-ground dry matter synthesis and nutrient uptake,and reduced significantly yield.The application of phosphorus fertilizer optimized the development of spike and floret and reduced effectively the degeneration and abortion of florets.Phosphorus application promoted the dry matter weight,nitrogen and phosphorus content of spikes and shoot,soluble content of spikes,soluble sugar content of shoot under normal water,as well as the spike/shoot ratio of soluble sugar and phosphorus content,while soluble sugar content of shoot under drought stress,and the spike/shoot ratio of nitrogen content showed the opposite trend from eighteen days before flowering to the anthesis in both wheat varieties.Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer,phosphorus application treatments increased significantly grain number per spike and yield under all three water treatments,which were consistent for both varieties,with the increases of grain number per spike by 7.21%-20.97%(Zhoumai 16)and 7.56%-21.84%(Yumai 49-198)and yield increases by 13.41%-29.32%(Zhoumai 16)and 12.66%-29.76%(Yumai 49-198),with the most obvious effect of moderate drought,and in te

关 键 词：冬小麦 干旱胁迫 磷肥 小花发育 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]