“水螺旋”现象的二维液滴形状相变模型  

A two-dimensional droplet shape phase transition model for the“water spiral”phenomena

作　　者：孙钰雯 施维佳 匡砚斌 张杰[1] 王春梅[1] 夏成杰 SUN Yu-wen;SHI Wei-jia;KUANG Yan-bin;ZHANG Jie;WANG Chun-mei;XIA Cheng-jie(School of physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《大学物理》2023年第8期43-48,共6页College Physics

摘　　要：众所周知,表面张力对液滴或水柱的形状及其演化规律起到关键作用,但由于流体力学模型的复杂性,一些常见的螺旋状水柱现象的具体机制并不明晰.在这里,我们研究柱状射流的二维液滴模型,通过分析转动中二维液滴的离心势能、表面能、以及表面波振动的特征模式,解释了链状与带状水螺旋的形成原理.理论模型表明,这两种水螺旋现象各自对应于一个普适的液滴形状“相变”前后的不同状态.我们用简单的实验验证了此模型在一定参数范围内的合理性.It is well known that surface tension plays a crucial role in determining the shape and evolution of a droplet or a liquid jet.However,the specific mechanisms of some common“water spiral”phenomena remain elusive.Here,we study a two-dimensional droplet model for a liquid jet to explain the formation of water spirals by calculating the surface energy,centrifugal potential,and surface wave eigenmodes of a vibrating and rotating droplet.We find that the commonly-observed chain-like and belt-like water spirals correspond to states before and after a phase transition of the droplet s shape,respectively.The rationality of the current model within a certain range of parameters is justified with simple experiments.

关 键 词：射流 表面张力 二级相变 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]