企事业单位15225例职工健康体检异常心电图特征分析  

Analysis of abnormal ECG characteristics in physical examination of 15225 employees working in enterprises and institutions

作　　者：管卫华 倪锦标 GUAN Weihua;NI Jinbiao(Department of Electrocardiogram,Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital,Suzhou Jiangsu 215100;Gusu District Health Supervision Institute,Suzhou Jiangsu 215026,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市相城人民医院心电图室,江苏苏州215100 [2]苏州市姑苏区卫生监督所,江苏苏州215026

出　　处：《实用心电学杂志》2023年第4期272-276,共5页Journal of Practical Electrocardiology

摘　　要：目的探讨企事业单位在岗职工健康体检心电图异常检出情况及特征,为开展职工预防保健工作提供参考。方法选取苏州市相城区2022年进行普通健康体检的15225名在岗职工心电图资料,按不同的性别和年龄对异常心电图人群分布特征和临床特征进行描述性统计分析。结果总体异常心电图检出率为31.55%,主要异常心电图检出情况如下:窦性心动过缓(简称窦缓)9.07%、ST-T改变5.96%、电轴右偏4.43%、左心室高电压2.58%、窦性心动过速(简称窦速)2.40%、电轴左偏1.89%、完全性右束支阻滞(complete right bundle branch block,CRBBB)1.66%、非特异性室内阻滞1.25%。心电图异常检出率男性高于女性,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。51~60岁组心电图异常检出率高于同性别的其他各年龄组(P<0.05);51~60岁组异常心电图检出率不同性别间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单项异常心电图指标的检出率表现出较明显的年龄、性别差异:电轴右偏、窦速、短PR间期在21~30岁组检出率较高,窦缓、ST-T改变、左心室高电压、电轴左偏、CRBBB、早搏、一度房室阻滞、左前分支阻滞在51~60岁组检出率高于其他组;女性的ST-T改变、窦速和加速性房性逸搏心律的检出率显著高于男性,而男性的窦缓、左心室高电压、电轴左偏、CRBBB、非特异性室内阻滞、一度房室阻滞、P波时限延长的检出率明显高于女性(P<0.05)。结论企事业单位在岗职工心电图异常检出率较高,与年龄、性别关系密切。定期健康体检和有针对性的健康管理对这类人群心血管疾病的预防有积极意义。Objective To investigate the detection situation and characteristics of abnormal ECGs of on-post staff and workers in enterprises and institutions during physical examination,and to provide references for their preventive health care.Methods We selected ECG data of 15225 on-post staff and workers from Xiangcheng District,Suzhou who had undergone routine physical examination in 2022.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the population distribution characteristics and clinical features of abnormal ECGs by different sexes and ages.Results The overall detection rate of abnormal ECGs is 31.55%,mainly including sinus bradycardia(9.07%),ST-T changes(5.96%),right axis deviation(4.43%),left ventricular high voltage(2.58%),sinus tachycardia(2.40%),left axis deviation(1.89%),complete right bundle branch block(CRBBB,1.66%),and nonspecific intraventricular block(1.25%).The detection rate of abnormal ECGs in males is higher than that in females,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The detection rate of abnormal ECGs in the 51-60 age group is higher than that in other age groups of the same sex(P<0.05);there is no statistically significant difference of detection rate of abnormal ECGs between males and females of the 51-60 age group(P>0.05).The detection rate of single abnormal ECG index shows significant difference between ages or sexes.Right axis deviation,sinus tachycardia,and short PR interval are more common in the 21-30 age group while sinus bradycardia,ST-T changes,left ventricular high voltage,left axis deviation,CRBBB,premature beats,first degree atrioventricular block,and left anterior fascicular block are more common in the 51-60 age group.In the females,the detection rates of ST-T changes,sinus tachycardia,and accelerated atrial escape rhythm are significantly higher than those in the males while in the males,the detection rates of sinus bradycardia,left ventricular high voltage,left axis deviation,CRBBB,nonspecific intraventricular block,first degree atrioventricular block,and prolonged P-w

关 键 词：企事业单位职工 健康体检 异常心电图 人群分布特征 健康管理 

分 类 号：R540.41[医药卫生—心血管疾病]