钨同位素研究进展及其在矿床学中的应用展望  

Research progress of tungsten isotope and its application prospect in ore geology

作　　者：李欢[1,2] 罗朝阳[1,2] 吴经华 刘飚 LI Huan;LUO Zhaoyang;WU Jinghua;LIU Biao(School of Geosciences and Info-Physics,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第7期2725-2738,共14页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(92162103);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0603902)。

摘　　要：钨(W)作为一种关键金属,具有多个稳定同位素。近年来,越来越多的学者关注地球不同圈层W同位素组成,发现岩石圈中不同类型岩石的W同位素组成有较大差别(酸性岩比基性岩更富轻W同位素,海洋沉积岩比岩浆岩更富重W同位素),因此,可以利用其揭示壳幔相互作用及地球表生过程中钨元素循环及演化规律。研究表明W同位素具有强大的示踪潜力,为开展W同位素的进一步研究奠定了良好基础,然而,目前尚未见钨矿床W同位素的研究,对钨成矿过程中W同位素的分馏机制及控制因素尚不清楚,其示踪复杂成矿过程及判断钨物质来源的潜力亟待研究。本文系统总结了目前W同位素的分析方法、不同类型岩石的W同位素组成及地球表生循环过程中W同位素示踪原理,对W同位素在矿床学中的应用进行了展望,指出目前亟需将W同位素研究引入矿床学中,进而建立W同位素示踪成矿物质来源的方法及钨成矿系统的W同位素演化模型。通过对钨矿床W同位素的研究将有望获取不同地质历史时期、不同区域钨来源的“指纹”信息,揭示钨元素在地球各圈层的地球化学循环过程及其超常聚集行为,为深入认识多类型钨矿化的成因提供新的思路,为研究大规模钨多金属成矿作用提供全新方法,具有重要的理论价值及现实意义。Tungsten(W)isotope is a significant non-traditional metallic stable isotope.In recent years,the composition of stable W isotope in different geospheres has become a subject of extensive concern of more scholars.It is found that the W isotope of different rocks in the lithosphere varies greatly(acid rocks are richer in light W isotopes than basic rocks,marine sedimentary rocks are richer in heavy W isotopes than magmatic rocks),which can be used to reveal the cycle and evolution of tungsten during crust-mantle interaction and earth hypergene process.These studies fully demonstrate the powerful tracing potential of W isotope and lay a great foundation for further research on W isotope.However,W isotope study of tungsten deposits is not carried out yet,therefore,the fractionation mechanism and controlling factors of W isotope in its mineralization are not clear,and the potential of tracing complex mineralization process and determining the source of tungsten needs to be explored urgently.In this paper,current methods of W isotope analysis,the composition of W isotope in different types of rocks and the tracing principle of W isotope in the earth's supergenetic cycle were systematically summarized,and the application prospect of W isotope in ore deposits was proposed.It is urgent to introduce W isotope into the study of ore deposits,so as to establish the method of constraining ore-forming material sources as a geological tracer and the evolution model of W isotope in tungsten metallogenic system.The W isotope studies for tungsten deposit is expected to obtain the fingerprint information of tungsten sources in different geological periods and regions,reveal the geochemical cycle and supernormal accumulation of tungsten in various spheres of the earth,offer new ideas for further understanding the genesis of tungsten mineralization,and then provide a new perspective for the study of large-scale tungsten polymetallic mineralization,which has important theoretical value and practical significance.

关 键 词：W同位素 分馏机制 示踪作用 钨矿床 成矿过程 

分 类 号：P578.292[天文地球—矿物学] P618.51[天文地球—地质学]