基于综合任务模型探索HIV/AIDS患者的疾病适应过程和体验  

Exploration of adaptation process and experience among the HIV/AIDS patients based on the comprehensive task-based adaptation model

作　　者：肖雪玲[1] 李怡轩 苏昕怡 王红红[1] XIAO Xueling;LI Yixuan;SU Xinyi;WANG Honghong(Xiangya Nursing School,Central South University,Changsha 410013,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅护理学院,长沙410013

出　　处：《中南大学学报（医学版）》2023年第6期887-894,共8页Journal of Central South University ：Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82204169)。

摘　　要：目的:艾滋病毒/艾滋病(human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS)患者在疾病适应过程中面临着诸多困难。本研究基于综合任务模型,深入阐释该人群与HIV共存的疾病适应过程和体验,以及该过程中患者面临的适应任务,为促进该人群的疾病适应提供参考。方法:采用诠释现象学设计,使用目的抽样选取研究对象,在43例HIV/AIDS患者中开展半结构式访谈,采用Van Manen的资料分析法分析数据。结果:最终提取意义单元1307个,形成主题6个,副主题14个;其中,HIV/AIDS患者的疾病适应过程总结为“阳光之下,阴影相加”,适应任务方面表现为心理锚定的方向、身体任务管理、社会网络与支持、就业益处和困境、关于未来的考虑等。结论:HIV/AIDS患者的疾病适应过程是共性化和个性化特征并存的,构建干预策略时需要关注适应任务的相互影响和整体性,促进共性和个性问题的解决,从而助力该人群获得良好的适应结局。Objective:Patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)confront multiple difficulties during the disease adaptation process.Based on the comprehensive task-based adaptation model,this study aims to explore the process and experience of adapting to living with HIV among HIV/AIDS patients and to provide evidence for promoting the adaptation of this population.Methods:With the design of the phenomenon study,we purposefully recruited 43 HIV/AIDS patients and conducted semi-structural interviews.The qualitative data was analyzed by Van Manen method.Results:There were 1307 significant quotes and 6 themes with 14 sub-themes.“The shadow comes along with the sunshine”was proposed to describe the process of adapting to life with HIV.Another 5 themes emerged to represent the tasks as follows:the direction of the mental anchor,the management of physical tasks,social network and support,the occupational dilemma and benefits,and the consideration of the future.Conclusion:The adapting process possesses both common and personalized characteristics.Future intervention development should address the integrality and interaction of the adaptation tasks,contributing to the positive adaptation outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients.

关 键 词：HIV/AIDS患者 综合任务模型 现象学研究 疾病适应 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]