微生物冶金及其在稀土资源利用中的研究进展  

Research progress of microbial metallurgical technology applied in the utilization of rare earth resources

作　　者：罗宁[1] 张晓伟[1] 柳召刚[1] 李健飞 冯福山 胡艳宏[1] Luo Ning;Zhang Xiaowei;Liu Zhaogang;Li Jianfei;Feng Fushan;Hu Yanhong(Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Hydrometallurgy and Light Rare Earth Application,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学,内蒙古自治区稀土湿冶金与轻稀土应用重点实验室,轻稀土资源绿色提取与高效利用教育部重点实验室,内蒙古包头014000

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2023年第8期75-82,共8页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51964040,51564042)。

摘　　要：我国稀土矿开采方式比较粗放,长期过度开采给矿区周边的生态环境造成了严重破坏,因此亟需开发出更加高效、环保的浸出工艺。微生物冶金技术是指用含有微生物的溶液将有价金属元素从矿石中溶解出来并加以回收利用的方法,其实质是加速将矿物自然转化成氧化物的湿法冶金过程,特别适合处理低品位、复杂、难处理的矿产资源。介绍了微生物冶金技术的特点,回顾了微生物冶金技术的发展历程,阐述了微生物浸出稀土元素的机理,详细介绍了生物浸出、生物氧化、生物分解3种微生物冶金技术的原理和特点,指出了微生物冶金技术目前存在的不足,并展望了该技术未来的重点研究方向。The mining of rare earth ore in China was extensively operated,and the long-term over-exploitation had brought about great damage to the ecological conditions around the mining site.Therefore,we desiderate to develop a leaching technology of high efficiency and environmental friendly.Microbial metallurgy technology is subject to an approach to dissolution and recovery of valuable metal elements from ore by using the solution containing microorga-nisms,which is essentially a hydrometallurgical process to accelerate natural transformation of minerals into oxides,especially amenable for processing low-grade ores with complex compositions and difficult to be upgraded.The distinguishing features of microbial metallurgy technology were introduced,the development history of microbial metallurgy technology was reviewed and the mechanism of microbial leaching rare earth elements was presented.The principles and characteristics of three kinds of microbial metallurgy technologies:bioleaching,bio-oxidation and bio-decomposition were discussed in details.The existing shortcomings of microbial metallurgy technology were also mentioned.Some research interests of this technology in the future were expected.

关 键 词：稀土资源 微生物浸出 浸矿工艺 浸出机理 浸矿细菌 

分 类 号：TD925.5[矿业工程—选矿] TD983