认罪从宽正当根据的比较法研究  

A Comparative Study on Legitimate Foundation of the Leniency Based on Admission of Guilt

作　　者：冯科臻 方彬彬 FENG Kezhen;FANG Binbin(School of Humanities and Law,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;School of Marxism,Anhui Business College,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学文法学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]安徽商贸职业技术学院马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期133-144,共12页Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(JZ2022HGQA0188);安徽省社会科学创新发展研究课题攻关项目(2021CX113);合肥市法学会课题(HFXZDKT202206)。

摘　　要：认罪量刑从宽的正当根据是极具理论价值和实践价值的命题。从坦白、自首从宽时代到认罪认罚从宽时代,中国法学界在此问题认识上始终存有分歧,而分歧的根源在于“未能解释认罪从宽正当根据的边界属性”和“未能指明认罪从宽正当根据的确定标准”。认罪从宽正当根据本质上归属于分配刑罚正当根据,这奠定了其发展的理论空间。通过对认罪协商制度下的德国、中国台湾地区和有罪答辩制度下的英国、美国的立法、判例和学界研究的比较发现,以刑事政策或立法目的为导向的多元化模式是认罪从宽正当根据的发展规律,且因不同价值选择呈现出不同的组合模式,诉讼经济、保护被害人和证人利益或澄清事实是重要组成因子,被告人悔罪是附加组成因子。从司法现实、立法原则和刑罚根据角度,我国认罪认罚从宽正当根据应当是以“诉讼经济、澄清事实、保护被害人利益”为主,兼顾“被告人悔罪、责任刑减轻”的多元模式。同时,为了保障“认罪认罚从宽”在多元量刑目的下运作,检察官和法官均应当坚守实体真实原则、罪责均衡原则、程序公正原则和人权保障原则。The legitimate foundation of lenient punishment based on admission of guilt is a proposition with great theoretical value and practical value.From the era of confession and voluntary surrender to the era of the leniency based on admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment,there are always divergences in understanding among legal scholars in China.The divergences are rooted in the failure to explain the boundary attribute of the legitimate foundation of the leniency based on admission of guilt and the failure to specify the determination standard of the legitimate foundation of the leniency based on admission of guilt.The legitimate foundation of the leniency based on admission of guilt essentially belongs to the legitimate foundation of the distribution of punishment,which lays the theoretical space for its development.A comparative study on legislation,precedents and academic studies in Germany,Taiwan Province of China under the negotiated justice system and the United Kingdom,the United States under the guilty plea system is made.It is found that the pluralistic model guided by the purpose of criminal policy or legislation is the development law of the legitimate foundation of the leniency based on the admission of guilt,and it presents different combination models because of different value choices.Litigation economy,protecting the interests of victims and witnesses or clarifying the facts are important constituent factors,and the defendant’s repentance is an additional constituent factor.From the perspective of judicial reality,legislative principles and basis of punishment,the legitimate foundation of the leniency based on admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment in China should be a pluralistic model focusing on the litigation economy,clarifying the facts,protecting the interests of victims and taking into account the defendant’s repentance and the reduction of the responsible punishment.At the same time,in order to ensure the leniency based on admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment

关 键 词：认罪 认罚 从宽正当根据 多元模式 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]