赣江中下游浮游藻类时空分布特征及水质评价  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Water Quality Evaluation of Planktonic Algae in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Ganjiang River

作　　者：王俊颉 夏雨 于新平 刘金福 李瀚成 陈宇炜 WANG Jun-jie;XIA Yu;YU Xin-ping;LIU Jin-fu;LI Han-cheng;CHEN Yu-wei(The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院水利与生态工程学院,江西南昌330099 [2]江西省水利科学院,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2023年第8期1031-1041,共11页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ201905);江西省教育厅利学技术研究项目青年项目(GJJ211938);江西省水利厅科技项目(202022YBKT17)。

摘　　要：浮游植物是河流生态系统中最重要的初级生产者,为揭示赣江浮游植物群落时空分布特征及评价赣江水体营养状态,于2019年1、4、7和10月对赣江中下游浮游植物群落结构进行调查。结果表明,赣江中下游共检测出浮游植物6门53属,其中绿藻门25属,占总物种数的47.17%;硅藻门16属,占总物种数的30.19%;蓝藻门6属,占总物种数的11.32%;其他门类包括裸藻门3属、甲藻门2属、隐藻门1属。各采样点浮游植物密度为11.0×10^(4)~468.7×10^(4) L^(-1),平均值为93.1×10^(4) L^(-1)。生物量为0.15~4.67 mg·L^(-1),平均生物量为1.16 mg·L^(-1)。浮游植物空间分布差异显著,万安水库和峡江水库上游各采样点浮游植物丰度和生物量均高于其他采样点,其中GJ11样点丰度最高。季节变化方面,浮游植物生物量总体呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季;冬季最高,为2.23 mg·L^(-1),硅藻门为优势门类;夏季最低,为0.66 mg·L^(-1),绿藻门为优势门类;与20世纪80年代调查相比,近年来浮游植物物种(属)数有所下降,丰富度、均匀度等也较早期调查结果低。水质理化指标评价结果显示,赣江中下游水质为Ⅴ类水;Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef生物多样性指数评价表明,水体处于中度污染至重度污染状态。Phytoplankton is the most important primary producer in the river ecosystem.In order to reveal the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of phytoplankton community in Ganjiang River and evaluate the nutritional status of Ganjiang River water body,the community structure of floating plants in the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River was investigated in January,April,July,and October of 2019,representing winter,spring,summer and autumn,respectively.The results show that there were 6 phyla and 53 genera of phytoplankton in the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River,including 25 genera of Chlorophyta,accounting for 47.17%of the total species;16 genera of Diatoms,accounting for 30.19% of the total species;and 6 genera of cyanobacteria,accounting for 11.32% of the total species;Other phyla include 3 genera of gymnophyta,2 genera of dinoflagellate and 1 genus of Cryptophyta.The phytoplankton density at each sampling point was 11.0×10^(4)-468.7×10^(4)L^(-1),with an average of 93.1×10^(4) L^(-1).The biomass ranged from 0.15 to 4.67 mg·L^(-1),and the average biomass was 1.16 mg·L^(-1).There are significant differences in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton.The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton at each sampling point in the upper reaches of Wan′an Reservoir and Xiajiang reservoir were higher than those at other sampling points,and the sampling point GJ11 had the highest abundance.In terms of seasonal variation,phytoplankton biomass generally showed the trend of winter>autumn>spring>summer;It was the highest in winter,2.23 mg·L^(-1),and diatom is the dominant category;The biomass in summer was the lowest,0.66 mg·L^(-1),and Chlorophyta is the dominant category;Compared with the survey in the 1980s,the number of phytoplankton species(genera)has decreased in following years,and the richness and evenness are also lower than the early survey results.The evaluation results of physical and chemical indexes of water quality show that the water quality in the middle and lower reaches of Ganji

关 键 词：赣江 浮游植物 群落结构 水质生物学评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]