外向型汉语学习词典配例难度控制原则及编写建议——以《当代汉语学习词典》为例  

The Difficulty Control Principle of Exemplification Words in Foreign-oriented Chinese Learner’s Dictionary and Its Compiling Suggestions—A Case Study of Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：杨玉玲 段彤彤 Yang Yuling;Duan Tongtong

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学教师教育学院 [2]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院

出　　处：《国际中文教育（中英文）》2023年第3期66-75,共10页International Chinese Language Education

基　　金：国家社科一般项目“外向型汉语学习融媒词典的研发与创新研究”(项目编号:22BY159);教育部语合中心中外联合研究专项“基于《等级标准》的英语母语者易混淆词研究”(项目编号:22YH26ZW);教育部语合中心一般项目“基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》的初等语法多模态教学资源建设研究”(项目编号:YHJC21YB-131)的阶段性研究成果;北京语言大学校级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(项目编号:19ZDJ02)。

摘　　要：本文采用定量研究的方法对《当代汉语学习词典》配例语言进行了考察。《当代汉语学习词典》545个被释词的配例用词中,超纲词占比9%,配例难度控制整体较好。甲、乙、丙、丁、超纲,这五级被释词的配例用词难度分布相差无几,说明在整部词典配例难度控制方面着力较多,但在为不同等级被释词选择配例用词时难度控制意识不强,对于初、中级用户,配例的可理解性稍弱。基于定量统计,本文针对外向型学习词典配例难度控制,提出≤i原则,即配例用词难度不应高于被释词难度。如每一级别被释词的配例用词都遵循了该原则,整部词典配例难度就可以得到控制;但即便控制了整部词典配例难度,也不能保证每一级别被释词的配例难度都能低于被释词。文章最后提出实现该原则的一些具体建议。This paper uses quantitative method to investigate the example words in the Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.According to the sampling investigation of 545 explained words in the dictionary,9%of the words used in the examples go beyond the HSK vocabulary outline.Although the difficulty of examples is well controlled at the dictionary level,the difficulty distribution of example words used for explained words at five levels(A,B,C,D,and beyond vocabulary outline)is not much different.This shows that the compilers of the dictionary have made efforts in controlling the difficulty of examples in the whole dictionary,but they didn’t have strong awareness of difficulty control when choosing example words for different levels.Instead of carefully differentiating the difficulty level of example words for the five levels,the compilers used a uniform approach for selecting example words.This will prevent junior-and middle-level users from fully understanding the examples.Based on the statistics,this paper puts forward the principle of≤i for the difficulty control of foreign-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries,that is,the difficulty of the example words should not be higher than the difficulty of the explained words.If the example words of each level of explained words followed this principle,the difficulty of examples in the whole dictionary can be guaranteed.However,if the difficulty of example words is controlled at the whole dictionary level,then the difficulty control of example words cannot be guaranteed at each level of explained words.Finally,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions to realize the principle.

关 键 词：《当代汉语学习词典》 配例 定量研究 ≤i原则 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]