土壤和地下水污染特征及防治对策——以上海市金属表面处理及热处理加工行业为例  

The characteristics and prevention strategies of soil and groundwater pollution——A case study of surface and heat treatment of metal industry in Shanghai

作　　者：高碧声 郭琳[1] 刘芳[1] GAO Bisheng;GUO Lin;LIU Fang(Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2023年第4期33-42,共10页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802401);上海市生态环境局科研项目(沪环科[2022]第7号)。

摘　　要：以上海市7个金属表面处理及热处理加工行业为例,对金属行业土壤和地下水污染特征和风险以及防治对策开展研究。结果显示:土壤重金属污染主要集中于表层;镉、铬(Ⅵ)、汞、锑、铅、镍和铜的含量受金属表面处理及热处理加工行业工业活动影响明显;铍、铅、锑、镍和铜污染已向深层扩散;除钴外,重金属污染情况总体随纵向深入而减轻;土壤钴浓度分布关系:包气带>表层>饱和带;铬(Ⅵ)为点状污染,主要集中于电镀铬生产区。地下水重金属铅和镍污染具有普遍性和累积性;铬(Ⅵ)和锌污染分布于电镀铬和电镀锌车间地下管线附近;镉污染主要分布在原辅材料存储区以及固废和危废贮存区;铜仅有3.00%的点位呈现轻微污染。The characteristics and risks of soil and groundwater pollution in the metal industry and the prevention and control measures were studied from a case study of surface and heat treatment of the metal industry in Shanghai.The results indicated that the heavy metal pollution in soil was mainly concentrated in the surface layer.The contents of cadmium,chromium(VI),mercury,antimony,lead,nickel and copper were significantly affected by the industrial activities in surface and heat treatment of metal industries.The soil pollution by beryllium,lead,antimony,nickel and copper spread to the deep layer.Except for cobalt,the pollution of heavy metals was generally reduced with vertical depth.The distribution relationship of cobalt in soil concentration was vadose zone>surface layer>saturated zone.Chromium(VI)was of the point pollution,mainly concentrated in the chrome plating area.The pollution of lead and nickel was widespread and accumulated.Chromium(VI)and zinc pollution were distributed near the underground pipelines in chrome plating electro-galvanized.Cadmium pollution in groundwater was found in the storage areas of raw and auxiliary materials and the storage of solid waste and hazardous waste.3.00%of samples were slightly polluted by copper.

关 键 词：金属表面处理及热处理加工 疑似污染地块 重金属 隐患排查 自行监测 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]