后穆巴拉克时代埃及政治转型的道路选择与制度重构  

The Exploration of the Path Choice and Institutional Reconstruction of Egypt's Political Transformation in Post-Mubarak Era

作　　者：王泰[1,2] 马云飞 Wang Tai;Ma Yunfei

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学世界史研究所 [2]内蒙古民族大学中东研究中心 [3]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《中东研究》2022年第2期194-218,337,338,共27页Middle East Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(LSYD21021);国家社科基金2021年度项目“构建中国特色中东史学科三大体系问题研究”(编号21XSS006)的阶段性成果;内蒙古自治区“世界史学科提档升级建设项目”的支持。

摘　　要：后穆巴拉克时代埃及政治转型经历了由军方主导的临时政府时期、伊斯兰民主的穆尔西时期以及强人复归的塞西时期三个阶段。权力的迅速更迭呈现了后穆巴拉克时代埃及政治转型复杂多变的特点,一是政治力量多元化发展,民主政治体制构建进程取得进展;二是曲折性、复杂性和不确定性并存,政治转型陷入制度性困境;三是军方主导政治重建进程,埃及重回强人政治模式。在反思埃及民主进程之路过程中,深刻把握威权与民主、民生与民主、改革与革命、军人与政治的关系有助于理解埃及政治转型的本质;在探索埃及发展之路过程中,正确处理回归宗教与坚持世俗、正确认识民族和解与政治包容、正确对待民族独立与社会发展,并始终坚定独立自主与道路自信有助于在交往自觉中创造新的文明,以自我变革的活力,走出一条符合自身特点、适应本国国情的可持续性发展之路。The political transformation of Egypt in the post-Mubarak era has experienced three stages:the interim government led by the military,the morsi period of Islamic democracy and the Sisi period of the return of strong men.The rapid change of power presents the complex and changeable characteristics of the political transformation of Egypt in the post-Mubarak era.First,the diversified development of political forces and the progress in the construction of democratic political system;Second,tortuosity,complexity and uncertainty coexist,and the political transformation falls into an institutional dilemma;Third,the military led the political reconstruction process,and Egypt returned to the strongman political model.In the process of rethinking the road of Egypt's democratic process,a deep grasp of the relationship between authoritarianism and democracy,people's livelihood and democracy,reform and revolution,soldiers and politics will help to understand the essence of Egypt's political transformation;In the process of exploring Egypt's development path,correctly dealing with returning to religion and adhering to secularity,correctly understanding national reconciliation and political inclutive of the interaction between the modern state and society,the game between the modern state and the Sa'ada tribal to control the local society,the impact of modern economy on the traditional tribal society,the political awakening of youth groups,and the Zaid revival movement all constitute the reasons for the rise of the Houthi.The rise of the Houthi is the result of the modern state's response to the political,economic,religious and cultural levels of traditional tribal society in the Sa'ada area,which has achieved a profound impact on Yemen politics with its development and growth.

关 键 词：后穆巴拉克时代 埃及 政治转型 威权政治 

分 类 号：D741.1[政治法律—政治学] K411[政治法律—中外政治制度]