氮添加和封育对华北落叶松人工林生长和草本多样性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Closure on Growth and Herbaceous Diversity of Larix principis-rupprechtii Plantation

作　　者：黄晴晴 张帅发 徐国巧 李校 许中旗[1] 贾彦龙[1] HUANG Qing-qing;ZHANG Shuai-fa;XU Guo-qiao;LI Xiao;XU Zhong-qi;JIA Yan-long(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Mulanweichang National Forestry Administration of Hebei Province,Weichang 068450,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省木兰围场国有林场,河北围场068450

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第4期149-156,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：河北省高层次人才资助项目(A202101053);河北省自然科学基金(C2018204096)。

摘　　要：[目的]为揭示氮沉降背景下放牧对华北落叶松人工林及林下草本植物多样性的影响。[方法]本研究以河北省木兰围场常年受到放牧影响的华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,通过设置对照、封育、施肥、施肥+封育4种处理,测定样地内乔木胸径、树高、冠幅增长量和林下草本生物量及多样性等指标,探讨了2 a封育和施肥对华北落叶松人工林生长和草本多样性的影响。[结果]与对照样地相比,封育、施肥和施肥+封育处理均对乔木生长有促进作用,树高增长分别约31.7%、17.6%和47.5%,其中,施肥+封育处理与对照差异显著;封育、施肥和施肥+封育处理均促进了草本生物量的增长,草本地上生物量分别提高5.3、0.4、4.1倍,草本地下生物量分别提高4.9、0.1、4.3倍,总草本生物量分别提高5.1、0.2、4.2倍;封育和施肥处理下,草本多样性变化不大,但不同处理使物种优势度发生显著变化。[结论]本研究表明,短期氮添加和封育促进了华北落叶松林乔木和草本生长,但未对草本多样性产生影响,却显著改变了草本植物的组成。[Objective]The study aimed to reveal the effects of grazing on the diversity of herbaceous plants in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and undergrowth under the background of nitrogen deposition.[Method]Based on the perennial grazing affected Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in Mulan paddock in Hebei Province,four treatments of control,closure,fertilization,fertilization+closure were set up.The DBH,tree height,crown width growth and herbaceous biomass and diversity of trees in the sample plot were measured,and the effects of 2-year enclosure and fertilization on the growth and herbaceous diversity of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation were discussed.[Result]Compared with the control plot,closure,fertilization and fertilization+closure treatments promoted the growth of trees.The tree height increased by about 31.7%,17.6%and 47.5%,respectively.Among them,there was significant difference between fertilization+closure treatment and control.Closure,fertilization and fertilization+closure all promoted the increase of herbaceous biomass.The local aboveground biomass increased by 5.3,0.4 and 4.1 times,the underground biomass increased by 4.9,0.1 and 4.3 times,and the total herbaceous biomass increased by 5.1,0.2 and 4.2 times,respectively.Herb diversity changed little under closure and fertilization treatments,but species dominance changed significantly under different treatments.[Conclusion]This study shows that short-term nitrogen addition and closure promote the growth of trees and herbs in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest,have no effects on herbaceous diversity,but significantly change the composition of herbaceous plants.

关 键 词：氮添加 华北落叶松 封育 植物生长 草本多样性 

分 类 号：S791.22[农业科学—林木遗传育种]