衡水湖优势水生植物水质净化及景观优化研究  

Water Purification and Landscape Optimization of Dominant Aquatic Plants in Hengshui

作　　者：冯雪 冯蕾[1] 李月 FENG Xue;FENG Lei;LI Yue(College of Life Science,Hengshui University,Hengshui,Hebei 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]衡水学院生命科学学院,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2023年第4期7-12,共6页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：2022年河北省湿地保护与绿色发展协同创新中心专项课题(2022XJZX20);衡水市科技计划项目(2021014007Z)。

摘　　要：选取10种衡水湖常见的优势水生植物作为供试植物,设置3个浓度梯度富营养化水体对其净化效果进行分析,探讨相同水生植物对不同浓度水质吸收和去除效果、不同水生植物对同一浓度水质指标吸收和去除效果,以及水生植物组合对不同浓度水质吸收和去除效果。研究结果表明:不同水生植物对氨氮(NH4+-N)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的吸收效果均存在很大差异性。其中,在单一植物处理中,慈姑对TN的去除效果最明显,去除率高达65.5%;香蒲对NH4+-N的去除效果最明显,去除率为81.31%;鸢尾和再力花对TP的去除明显优于其他植物;在COD去除上,香蒲则表现出一定的优势。而在植物组合处理中,芦苇+金鱼藻+睡莲组合对TN、TP和NH4+-N去除效果最佳。综合考虑植物净化作用及优势水生植物徒长引发的次生环境问题,建议千屈菜、香蒲、芦苇、慈姑、鸢尾、荷花、再力花等3—5种植物搭配使用,应用于富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除,净化效果更佳,既可以改善衡水湖的水质,又可以提升衡水湖湿地生态景观效果。10 kinds of common dominant aquatic plants in Hengshui Lake are selected as test plants and 3 kinds of eutrophic water with concentration gradients are set to analyze their purification effects,discuss the effect that same aquatic plants absorb and remove the water with different concentrations,the effect that different aquatic plants absorb and remove the water with same concentrations,and the effect that the combination of aquatic plants absorbs and removes the water with different concentrations.The results show that different aquatic plants have different absorption effects on ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Among them,in the single plant treatment,arrowhead has the most obvious removal effect on TN,with the removal rate as high as 65.5%,while Typha orientalis Presl has the most obvious removal effect on NH4+-N,with the removal rate of 81.31%,Iris tectorum Maxim and Thaliade dealbata are obviously better than other plants in removing TP,but Typha orientalis Presl shows certain advantages.Typha shows certain advantages in removing COD.In plant combination treatment,the combination of Phragmites australis+Ceratophyllum demersum L.+Nymphaea alba has the best removal effect on TN,TP and NH4+-N.Considering the purification effect of plants and the secondary environmental problems caused by,it is suggested 3-5 kinds of plants such as Lythrum japonicum,Typha,reed,arrowhead,iris,lotus and Lilium japonicum should be used together to remove and purify nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water and the purification effect is better,which can improve the water quality and improve ecological landscape effect of Hengshui Lake wetland.

关 键 词：衡水湖 水生植物 水质净化 氮磷 富营养化 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]