女子400米栏世界纪录保持者Sydney MCLAUGGHLIN世锦赛运动技术分析  

Sport Technique Analysis of Women's 400m Hurdles World Record Holder Sydney MCLAUGGHLIN at World Championships

作　　者：龚旭阳 苑廷刚[1] 马国东[2] 侯金宝 程泓人 刘嘉伟 冷欣 GONG Xu-yang;YUAN Ting-gang;MA Guo-dong;HOU Jin-bao;CHENG Hong-ren;LIU Jia-wei;LENG Xin(China Institute of Sports Science,Beijing,100061,China;Jilin Sports University,Changchun,130000,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan,430070,China;Qingdao Technicians College,Qingdao,266000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]吉林体育学院,吉林长春130000 [3]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]青岛市技师学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2023年第4期83-87,93,共6页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目《运动技术特征的视频图像智能化诊断和快速反馈》(编号:基本22-05)。

摘　　要：目的:对比2022年世锦赛女子400m栏决赛前三名运动员速度、时间、步数等运动学参数,揭示现代400m跨栏技术特点,为现阶段400m栏项目的理论教学和训练指导提供理论支撑。方法:采用文献资料法、视频图像解析法和数理统计法,以期促进女子400m跨栏项目训练实践发展。结论:(1)MCLAUGGHLIN赛季最佳成绩呈明显上升趋势,建立赛季最佳成绩预测线性数学模型为:y=﹣0.6028x+1269.8。(2)在2022年尤金世锦赛上MCLAUGGHLIN发挥相对稳定,最快速度与最慢速度相差较小1.40m/s,全程跑共出现三次提速,栏间变异系数5.81,后程降速不明显,具有节奏性稳定的特点,是典型的均衡型选手。(3)按照速度与时间的变化规律,将女子400m栏划分为四个阶段。第一阶段从起跑至第1栏,为启动加速阶段;第二阶段为高速跑阶段阶段,从第1栏到第4栏,该阶段的速度对成绩的关联系数最高,对成绩产生重要的影响;第三阶段从第7栏至第10栏,为速度下降阶段;第四阶段是第二速度产生阶段又称冲刺阶段,从第十栏至终点。(4)MCLAUGGHLIN过栏时间短于4.46s的栏数与成绩呈非常显著性负相关,表明缩短栏间时间(≤4.46s)对成绩具有极其重要的作用。Objective:To compare the kinematic parameters of speed,time and step number of the top three athletes in the women's 400m hurdles final of the 2022 World Championships,reveal the technical characteristics of the modern 400m hurdles,and provide theoretical support for the theoretical teaching and training guidance of the 400m hurdles at present.Methods:Literature,video image analysis and mathematical statistics were used to promote the development of women's 400m hurdle training practice.Conclusion:(1) MCLAUGGHLIN's season best performance showed an obvious upward trend,and the linear mathematical model of season best performance prediction was established as y =-0.6028x + 1269.8.( 2) In the Eugene World Championships in 2022,MCLAUGGHLIN's performance was relatively stable,the difference between the fastest speed and the slowest speed was less than 1.40m/s,and there were three speed increases in the whole run,the coefficient of variation between the hurdles was 5.81,and the speed reduction in the back was not obvious.McLaugghlin is a typical balanced player with stable rhythm.(3) The women's 400m hurdle is divided into four stages according to the change law of speed and time.The first stage from the start to the first column,for the start of the acceleration stage;The second stage is the high-speed running stage,from the first column to the fourth column,the speed in this stage has the highest correlation coefficient on the performance,which has an important impact on the performance;The third stage,from the 7th to the 10th column,is the speed decline stage;The fourth stage is the second speed generation stage,also known as the sprint stage,from the tenth hurdle to the finish line.(4) The number of columns whose MCLAUGGHLIN crossing time is shorter than 4.46s is significantly negatively correlated with the performance,indicating that shortening the interval time (≤4.46s) has an extremely important effect on the performance.

关 键 词：女子400米栏 纪录保持者 Sydney MCLAUGGHLIN 世锦赛 运动技术 

分 类 号：G822.6[文化科学—体育训练]